Ionic and Metallic Bonding: Key Concepts and Practice Questions

What are valence electrons?

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that determine its chemical properties.

What is the electron dot structure?

A representation of the valence electrons of an atom using dots around the chemical symbol.

What is a cation?

A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses electrons.

What is an anion?

A negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains electrons.

How many valence electrons does gallium have?

Three valence electrons.

How many valence electrons does fluorine have?

Seven valence electrons.

How many valence electrons does selenium have?

Six valence electrons.

What is the relationship between group number and valence electrons?

The group number of representative elements corresponds to the number of valence electrons.

What is a metallic bond?

A bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons in a metal.

How does metallic bonding explain electrical conductivity in metals?

The delocalized electrons in metallic bonds allow for the free flow of electricity.

What does it mean for metals to be crystalline?

Metals are arranged in a highly ordered structure, forming a crystal lattice.

What is a substitutional alloy?

An alloy formed when some of the atoms in a metal are replaced by atoms of a different element.

What is an interstitial alloy?

An alloy formed when smaller atoms fill the spaces between larger metal atoms.

What is coordination number?

The number of nearest neighbor atoms surrounding a central atom in a crystal structure.

What is the formula for the ionic compound formed from sodium and bromine?

NaBr

What is the formula for the ionic compound formed from aluminum and oxygen?

Al2O3

What is the formula for the ionic compound formed from barium and chlorine?

BaCl2

What is the formula for the ionic compound formed from calcium and iodine?

CaI2

Which combination is most likely to form an ionic compound: potassium and iodine or oxygen and argon?

Potassium and iodine.

What is brass composed of?

Copper and zinc.

What is bronze composed of?

Copper and tin.

What are the principal elements in stainless steel?

Iron, chromium, and nickel.