Facial bones, Nasal bones, and Sinuses

where does CR enter for lateral facial bones (2 answers)

-zygoma
-midway between EAM and outer canthus

position for lateral facial bones, sinuses, and nasal bones

anterior oblique-- reduces OID

three baselines for lateral facial, sinuses, and nasal bones

MSP parallel to IR, IPL perp to IR, IOML perp to IR

anatomy that shows rotation on lateral facial/sinus

superimposed rami

anatomy that shows tilt on lateral facial/sinus

orbital plates and inferior body of mandible

BD on lateral facial bones

-facial bones superimposed
-greater wings-sphenoid
-sella turcica

how does tech decide on what lateral when positioning for facial bones

affected side

what is suggested kvp for lateral facial bones? why is lower than the Waters and Caldwell

75-80 kv
-thinner

describe pathway of parietoacanthial projection

enters parietal bones
exits acanthion

where does CR exit for Waters for facial, sinuses, nasal bones

acanthion

baseline used for parietoacanthial for facial, sinuses, and nasal bones

MML parallel to IR

angle of OML in relation to bucky/table for a parietoacanthial- Waters

37 deg

where are petrous ridges located on Waters for facial, sinuses, nasal bones

inferior to maxillary sinuses

anatomy BD on Waters for facial bones

-maxilla
-zygoma
-nasal septum
-anterior nasal spine

PA axial or

Caldwell

where does CR exit for PA axial Caldwell for facial bones

nasion

baseline used in positioning for PA axial facial bones

OML perp to IR

CR angle for PA axial facial bones

15 deg caudal

where are petrous pyramids in PA axial facial bones

lower 1/3 of orbits

anatomy BD on PA axial Caldwell for facial method

supraorbital margin, maxilla, nasal septum, zygoma, anterior nasal spine

baseline used for submentovertex for sinuses

IOML parallel to IR

part of skull placed on bucky for SMV

vertex

where frontal bone and nasal bone articulate

nasofrontal suture

anatomy BD on parietoacanthial of nasal bones

nasal septum and anterior nasal septum

where does CR enter for lateral nasal bones

enters 1/2 inch inferior to nasion

is a grid/bucky necessary for lateral nasal bones? how should they be done

no

Are both laterals done on lateral nasal bones?

yes

Why must sinuses be done upright?

air-fluid levels

where does CR enter for lateral sinuses

midway between outer canthus and EAM

what is one sinus position that can be done if the patient is unable to be erect

lateral
-xtable lateral with horizontal beam

what sinuses are BD on lateral

all 4

where does CR exit for PA-Caldwell

nasion

Describe the CR / Angulation for the PA projection for sinuses.

CR horizontal; angle the pts head instead

what baseline used for PA-Caldwell for sinuses? describe the part angulation

OML perp to IR; extend neck to elevate OML 15 deg

what sinuses are BD on a PA-Caldwell

frontal and ethmoid

what sinuses are BD on parietoacanthial- Waters

maxillary and frontal

part position for parietoacanthial transoral and what happens to the baseline

pt drops lower jaw w/o moving head; MML no longer perp to IR

what sinuses are BD on open mouth Waters

sphenoid sinus thru open mouth; frontal, maxillary, ethmoid