Membrane transport + cell division

simple diffusion

passive transport:

molecules move directly across the membrane from high to low concentration (oxygen diffusing from blood into tissue)

facilitated diffusion

passive transport:

same as simple diffusion, but now the molecules need a protein channel to get across (glucose moving into cells)

osmosis

passive transport:

diffusion specifically of water, moving towards the side with higher solute concentration (water follow solutes such as electrolytes or non-electrolytes (glucose, lipids, creatinine, urea)

isotonic solution

same solute concentration as the cell = no net water movement and cell stays normal size (normal saline)

hypotonic solution

lower solute concentration than the cell = water moves into the cell and the cell gets bigger

hypertonic solution

higher solute concentration than the cell = water moves out of the cell and the cell shrinks

mitosis

mitosis is how the body:

• grows (bigger tissues/organ)

• repairs itself (wound healing = new cells replacing damaged/worn out ones) (skin cells, gun lining cells, bloods cells get replaced constantly)

Mitosis is the cell division of a single cell that leads to two identical daughter cells.

Diabetics have slower wound healing because chronic high BGL damages small blood vessels over time, so tissue at a wound site often have a reduced blood supply -> less oxygen and glucose reaching cells -> mitosis slows down

High BGL also impairs white blood cell function, making infection more likely, further disrupting the healing process.