exotics final

what type of bird has claws called talons

birds of prey

the tiny opening on the feather shaft where the webbed part of a feather begins is the

superior umbilicus

what type of feather lacks a true shaft and provides insulation for the bird

down

what type of feather provides waterproofing for a bird

powder down

pterylae are

areas of skin covered with feathers

flight feathers in the tail are called

rectrices

most feather-picking results in feather loss on the

chest and legs

sclerotic ring is found around the

eye socket

the gape of a bird determines the

size of food it can ingest

atlas is attached to the _____ by a single condyle in birds

skull

bony ridge on the sternum of strong flying birds is the

keel

which bones are known collectively as the wishbone

clavicles

pectoral crest is found on the

humerus

the drumstick is actually the

femur

the first finger of a wing is the

alula

an anisodactyl bird has the following toe arrangement

one toe facing backward and three toes facing forward

a zygodactyl bird has

toes two and three facing forward and toes one and four facing backward

red muscles are the predominant muscle type in a

pigeon

large muscle that causes the downstroke of a wing is the

pectoralis muscle

smaller flight muscle that causes the upstroke of the wing is the

supracoracoideus

leg muscles control movements of the distal leg and toes via their

tendons of insertion

bumblefoot can result from

claw neglect

what is the function of the nictitating membrane

corneal moisturization

grandry’s corpuscle and herbst corpuscle are located on the

tongue

which gland secretes a hormone that regulates body and feather growth and may stimulate the migration urge

thyroid

the purpose of the gizzard is to

grind food

the _____ collects excrement from the intestines of a bird

coprodeum

a mute is ejected from the

proctodeum

in order to prevent heat loss in birds

heat from warmer arteries coming from the heart is transferred to cooler veins returning to the heart

avian red blood cells differ from mammalian red blood cells in that they are

nucleated

which layer of the oviduct secretes layers of albumin around the egg

magnum

which layer of the oviduct is called the shell gland

uterus

where is pigment added to the egg shell

uterus

species of birds that lay only a specific number of eggs to incubate and won’t lay more if those are removed are

determinate layers

number of eggs a female lays and incubates is called a

clutch

which order of birds is comprised of perching birds such as crowns, swallows, and songbirds

passeriformes

which order of birds is comprised of daytime flesh eaters (except vultures)

falconiformes

which order of birds is comprised of heavy-bodied land game birds

galliformes

exuvia is a product of

shedding skin

which group of animals does not have true eyelids but instead has spectacles

snakes

reptilian heart is composed of

two atria and one ventricle

amphibian heart is similar in structure to that of a

snake

heterophils in reptilian blood are analogous to ____ in mammalian blood

neutrophils

largest white blood cell in reptilian blood is

monocyte

in which animal could the jugular vein be an option for venipuncture

tortoise

because of an absence of ____ vocalization in herptiles is limited

vocal cords

this type of lung structure found in turtles, lizards, and crocodilians is

multicameral

gas exchange in herptilian lung occurs in the

faveoli

which reptiles have complete tracheal rings

chelonians

the columella is the ____ in amphibians and reptiles

middle ear bone

what type of tooth, found in lizards, does not grow back if it is lost or broken

acrodont

which reptiles have no teeth

chelonians

in snakes the ureters empty into the

urodeum

some species of _____ require a diapause during incubation for the embryos to develop normally and proceed to hatching

turtles and tortoises

crocodilians rely on the ____ to determine the sex of the hatchling

temperature

snake and lizard skulls are made for ingestion of large prey because they lack

mandibular symphyses

how many toes does a gecko have on each foot

5

spurs on pythons and boas are vestigial

pelvic limbs

unusual thing found in guinea pig blood

kurloff cells

analogous to large granular lymphocytes or NK cells in other species

guinea pig venipuncture sites

latera saphenous

cephalic

jugular

cranial vena cava

femoral artery

femoral vein

which of the following is from the order squamata

turtle

tree frog

gecko

iguana

gecko

what structure does endotracheal tube slide into during snake intubation

glottis

why is hay important for rabbits

contains indigestible fiber

helps with weight management, dental disease, and gut health

bird diets that include only seeds are often deficient in what

vitamin A

what percent of body weight can be tube fed at any given time to a bird

5%

moldy peanuts are a common cause of what in avian patient

myotoxicity

birds that has been chewing on a galvanized wire cage

clinical signs - weight loss, PU/PD, anemia, weakness, seizures

what do these indicate

zinc toxicity

why is it important to maintain reptile within POTZ

metabolize drugs

digest food

heal after injury or surgery

night feces in rabbits are also known as

cecotrophs

why is UV lighting so important for herbivorous, insectivorous, omnivorous lizards

vitamin D3

true or false carnivorous lizards do not require UVB light for vitamin D and calcium absorption

true

total blood volume in reptilian is what % of body weight

5-8%

figure 8 bandage used for immobilization of what bones

ulna, radius, metacarpals

what feathers are trimmed as part of an avian wing trim

primary feathers

hydration status in an avian patient is best evaluated by assessing what parameter

venous refill time

air sac cannulas are placed into which air sacs

caudal thoracic

abdominal air sacs

daily maintenance fluid amounts for an avian

50-60 ml/kg/day

atropine no suggested for use in what species

rabbits

total blood volume in avian is what % of total body weight

10%

what is most common and largest space for subq fluid admin

inguinal area

in avians - predisposing factors that lead to bumblefoot

claw neglect

obesity

improper perching material

inappropriate substrate

bird is able to perch and sleep at same time because of the

perching reflex

because of lack of diaphragm in avians, which organ surrounds the apex of the heart

liver

one toe facing backward and three toes facing forward

anisodactyl

amphibian heart similar to structure of

snake

wing attaches to body by forming this joint

glenoid cavity