8th Grade Science Study Guide: Waves & Properties of Light

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27 Terms

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Wave
A disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another.
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Transverse Wave
A type of wave where particles move perpendicular to the wave direction (e.g., light waves).
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Longitudinal Wave
A type of wave where particles move parallel to the wave direction (e.g., sound waves).
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Crest
The highest point of a transverse wave.
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Trough
The lowest point of a transverse wave.
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Wavelength (λ)
The distance between two consecutive crests or troughs.
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Frequency (f)
The number of waves passing a point per second, measured in Hertz (Hz).
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Amplitude
The height of the wave, related to energy.
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Photon
A particle of light that has no mass and behaves in a dual nature.
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Dual Nature of Light
The concept that light exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties.
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Reflection
Light bouncing off a surface, such as mirrors.
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Refraction
Light bending when passing through a new medium, like lenses.
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Diffraction
Light spreading out as it passes through a small opening.
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Absorption
Light energy taken in by an object, with dark colors absorbing more heat.
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
The range of all types of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light.
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Wave Speed Formula
A formula used to calculate the speed of a wave.
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Frequency-Wavelength Relationship
An inverse relationship; if frequency increases, wavelength decreases.
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Speed of Light
The speed at which light travels, typically measured in meters per second.
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Visible Light
The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye.
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Ground State
The state of an electron at its lowest energy level.
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Excited State
The state of an electron when it absorbs energy and moves to a higher level.
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Photon Release
Occurs when an electron falls back down to a lower energy level, releasing a photon.
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Young’s Double-Slit Experiment
An experiment demonstrating the wave nature of light by creating an interference pattern.
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Photoelectric Effect
The phenomenon where light ejects electrons from metals, demonstrating light's particle nature.
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Color Perception
The process by which cone cells in the retina detect different wavelengths of light corresponding to colors.
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Refraction in Vision
The bending of light as it passes through the cornea and lens to focus on the retina.
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Color Blindness Correction
The use of specialized lenses that can enhance color perception for those with cone cell deficiencies.