2. Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)

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19 Terms

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hematocrit

The percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBCs

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47%

Average normal hematocrit for males is about

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42%

Average normal hematocrit for females is about

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erythrocyte structure

  • Biconcave disc shape

  • No nucleus = anucleate

  • Very flexible – allows them to pass through small vessels easily

  • Contain the protein hemoglobin, lipids, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and carbonic anhydrase

<ul><li><p>Biconcave disc shape</p></li><li><p>No nucleus = anucleate</p></li><li><p>Very flexible – allows them to pass through small vessels easily</p></li><li><p>Contain the protein hemoglobin, lipids, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and carbonic anhydrase </p></li></ul><p></p>
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oxygen and carbon dioxide

erythrocytes transport the respiratory gases…

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hemoglobin (Hb)

Red iron-containing pigment protein

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globins

Composed of four polypeptide chains called [term] – the part of the hemoglobin that carries carbon dioxide

<p>Composed of four polypeptide chains called [term] – the part of the hemoglobin that carries carbon dioxide</p>
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heme

Within each globin, there is an iron-containing group called [term] – the part of the hemoglobin that carries oxygen

  • 1 molecule of oxygen can bind to 1 [term] group

  • 4 [term] groups per hemoglobin = max of 4 oxygen molecules per hemoglobin

<p>Within each globin, there is an iron-containing group called [term] – the part of the hemoglobin that carries oxygen</p><ul><li><p>1 molecule of oxygen can bind to 1 [term] group</p></li><li><p>4 [term] groups per hemoglobin = max of 4 oxygen molecules per hemoglobin</p></li></ul><p></p>
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oxyhemoglobin

Hb when it’s bound to oxygen

  • Unsaturated = 1-3 oxygen bound

  • Saturated = 4 oxygen bound

  • Appears bright red in color

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deoxyhemoglobin

Hb when it is not bound to oxygen

  • appears dark red in color

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Carbaminohemoglobin

Hb when it is bound to carbon dioxide

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erythropoiesis

  • production of red blood cells

  • Stimulates red blood cell production in bone marrow

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erythropoietin

  • hormone that regulates erythropoiesis

  • released slowly by the liver under normal conditions

<ul><li><p>hormone that regulates erythropoiesis</p></li><li><p>released slowly by the liver under normal conditions</p></li></ul><p></p>
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kidneys

Low blood oxygen levels stimulate the [term] to release erythropoietin, which promotes red blood cell production in the bone marrow

<p>Low blood oxygen levels stimulate the [term] to release erythropoietin, which promotes red blood cell production in the bone marrow</p>
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Reticulocyte “retic” count

indicates the rate of RBC production

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anemia

  • condition in which the ability of blood to carry oxygen is reduced

  • caused by a decrease in the amount of RBC or hemoglobin in the blood

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erythrocyte life span

RBC last about 110-120 days in circulation

<p>RBC last about 110-120 days in circulation</p>
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hemolysis

the breakdown of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the bloodstream

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hemoglobin breakdown

RBCs will rupture (hemolysis) at the end of their life and the hemoglobin is broken down by macrophages – occurs largely in the spleen

<p>RBCs will rupture (hemolysis) at the end of their life and the hemoglobin is broken down by macrophages – occurs largely in the spleen </p>