CSD 11: Pediatric speech sound disorders and acquired motor speech disorders

SSDs

are a high prevalence disorder (common)

functional SSDs

articulation (motor aspects)

phonology (linguistic aspects)

organic SSDs

motor/neurological: execution (dysarthria) or planning (apraxia)

structural: cleft palate/other orofacial anomalies or structural deficits due to trauma or surgery

sensory/perceptual: hearing impairment

speech sound errors (SODAS)

substitution: one or more sounds are substituted, which may result in loss of phonemic contrast

omissions: certain sounds are omitted or deleted

distortions: sounds are altered or changed

additions: one or more extra sounds are added or inserted into a word

syllable level errors: weak syllables are deleted

phonological impairment

most common type of SSD

a cognitive-linguistic difficulty with learning the phonological system of a language

characterized by pattern-based speech errors such as final consonant deletion, stopping

articulation impairment

errors usually only involving s and r

motor speech difficulty involving physical production of specific speech sounds

speech perception difficulties may contribute to articulation impairment

childhood apraxia of speech

associated with difficulty planning and programming movement sequences, resulting in dysprosody and errors in speech sound production

inconsistent errors on repeated production

lengthened and disrupted coarticulatory transitions between sounds and syllables

childhood dysarthria

difficulty with the sensorimotor control processes involved in the production of speech

weakness in muscle movement in respiration, voice, or oral mechanism resulting in poor execution and slower rate of speech

often resulting from a neurological impairment during or after birth, through TBI, or a neurological condition

treatment focus for children with phonological impairment and children with apraxia

learning to move their mouth accurately to sequence speech sounds correctly

co-occurring communication disorders that sometimes occur with speech sound disorders

DLD

phonological awareness and written language difficulties (phonological impairment)

oromotor difficulties (dysarthria, CAS)

fluency disorders

academic impact

can affect confidence, the ability to form friendships, and academic struggles

adult disorders

apraxia: caused by damage to the left frontal lobe

dysarthria: due to damage to the central and/or peripheral nervous system pathways