AICE Marine Science AS Chapter#1 Water

Flashcards covering key concepts from AICE Marine Science AS Chapter#1 Water, including particle theory, bonding, solubility, and the impact of density and pressure on marine life.

What does the kinetic particle theory state about matter?

Matter is a collection of particles that are in constant, random motion.

What are the three states of water?

Solid, liquid, and gas.

What unit of matter is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons?

Atoms.

What is a compound?

A substance with a specific ratio of different elements bonded together.

What type of bond forms when two atoms share a pair of electrons?

Covalent bond.

What bond forms between a positive and a negative ion?

Ionic bond.

What is a characteristic of hydrogen bonds?

They are easy to break.

What does it mean for water to be a polar molecule?

Water has partial charges on its atoms due to the unequal sharing of electrons.

What term describes the substance capable of dissolving other substances?

Solvent.

What is the pH of a neutral solution?

7.

What happens to salinity with increased evaporation?

Salinity increases as water evaporates, leaving salts behind.

What influences the solubility of gases in seawater?

Temperature, pressure, and salinity.

What is thermocline?

The layer between warm and cold water, influencing density.

How does pressure affect gas solubility in water?

Increased pressure causes increased gas solubility.

What is the oxygen minimum layer?

Layer in the ocean where dissolved oxygen is at its lowest, usually found between 100m to 1000m depth.

What is pycnocline?

An area of water where the density changes quickly with depth.

How does the density of seawater change with temperature?

As temperature increases, density decreases.

What causes mixing of ocean layers?

Winds create currents and turbulence, causing mixing.