UTS | Lesson 1 & 2 | The Self from Various Perspectives

The Self from Various Perspectives

Title of Lesson 1 & 2

Karl Theodor Jaspers

He was a German-Swiss psychiatrist and philosopher who had a strong influence on modern theology, psychiatry, and philosophy.

Socrates

Know Thyself; “An unexamined life is not worth living”.

Socrates

He wrote nothing himself, so all that is known about him is filtered through the writings of a few contemporaries and followers.

Socratic Method

this process, which is also known as an exchange of question and answer that ultimately aims to make the person remember all the knowledge that he has forgotten.

Plato

“The body is seen as some sort of a prison”.

Plato

He believed that human beings are composed of two things a body and a soul. It is the soul, which is the true self-the permanent, unchanging self.

Plato

“If we are ever to have a pure knowledge of anything, we must get rid of the body and contemplate things by themselves with the soul by itself”

Plato

was born into an aristocratic Athenian family which is involve in the rule of thirty tyrants. He founded the academy, now considered as the prototype of the modern university.

St. Augustine of Hippo

“But my sin was this, I looked for pleasure, beauty and truth not in Him but in myself and His other creatures, and the search led me instead to pain, confusion, and error.”

St. Augustine of Hippo

He believed that the sense of self is his personal relationship to God, both in the recognition of God's love and the person’s response to it—achieved through self-presentation, then self-realization.

St. Augustine of Hippo

“There is Eternal law which should be universally followed and that is the Law of Conscience that tells us whether our actions are morally good or bad.”

St. Augustine of Hippo

Our world is not our final home but just a temporary home where we are just passing through. Our real world is found in the world where there is permanence and infinity.

Rene Descartes

I think, therefore I am"; Tl: Cogito, ergo sum is a Latin philosophical proposition.

Rene Descartes

The Modern Frenchman philosopher and mathematician who proposed that the mind and body were two separate and distinct entities, and as such the body could only be sensed because there was a mind to sense it.

Rene Descartes

is known for his dualistic view of the mind and body, famously asserting that they are separate substances but interact closely. This concept is often referred to as Cartesian dualism.

Rene Descartes

He was was hired to tutor Queen Christina of Sweden but soon after, he died of Pneumonia because his breath couldn’t take the 5 am start of lesson required by the Queen.

Cogito, ergo sum

It is a Latin philosophical proposition usually translated into English as "I think, therefore I am".

Cogito, ergo sum

This philosophy of the Self emphasizes the consciousness of the mind which leads to an evidence of his existence-despite the fact of that he is doubting the existence of everything physical, including his own body.

John Locke

“What worries you masters you”

John Locke

He believed we chose to give a stressful, anxious meaning to something going on in our world. And thus, we’ve been taken over by worry.

John Locke

He believed that when we find ourselves in such a state, the sooner we can remember that we give everything all the meaning it has for us – the quicker we can make a different.

John Locke

is known as the “FATHER OF CLASSICAL LIBERALISM” because of his contribution to the formation of human rights. He subscribes to the memory theory that holds we are the same person as we are in the past for as long as we can remember something from the past.

Memory Theory

is a philosophical concept primarily associated with the notion of personal identity. It posits that a person's identity over time is largely defined by their memories and the continuity of those memories.

David Hume

Theory of Human Nature

David Hume

He supposed that all human actions follow naturally from human feelings without interference from human reason. He strove to create a naturalistic science of man that examined the psychological basis of human nature.

Immanuel Kant

German philosopher whose comprehensive and systematic work in epistemology, ethics, and aesthetics greatly influenced all subsequent philosophy, especially the various schools of Kantianism and idealism.

Immanuel Kant

reflect his idea of self which views on human agency, the capacity for reason, free will, and decision-making, which are central to his philosophy.

Kant’s Theory

It is an example of a deontological moral theory–according to these theories, the rightness or wrongness of actions does not depend on their consequences but on whether they fulfill our duty.

The Categorical Imperative

Kant believed that there was a supreme principle of morality, and he referred to it as.

Epistemology

The theory of Knowledge.

Sigmund Freud

The Ego and the Self; He elaborated the theory that the mind is a complex energy-system, the structural investigation of which is the proper province of psychology.

Sigmund Freud

The father of psychoanalysis was a physiologist, medical doctor, psychologist and influential thinker of the early twentieth century.

id

It is the primitive and instinctual part of the mind that contains sexual and aggressive drives and hidden memories.

Super-ego

It operates as a moral conscience, and the ego is the realistic part that mediates between the desires of the id and this ego.

Ego

It develops to mediate between the unrealistic id and the external real world. It is the decision-making component of personality. Ideally, it works by reason, whereas the id is chaotic and unreasonable.

Soul

considered as the part of the body that transcends the death of the body.