Anatomy Exam #1: Upper Limb

NIU BIOS 546

What bones make up the pectoral girdle?

Clavicle

Scapula

What bones make up the upper arm?

Humerus

What bones make up the forearm?

Radius

Ulna

Which muscle is primarily located in the superior region of the upper back?

Trapezius

Which muscle primarily occupies the inferior portion of the superficial back?

Lattissimus Dorsi

Which muscle lies directly deep to Trapezius along the medial border of the Scapula?

Teres Major

Which nerve is found on the posterior surface of Trapezius?

Spinal Accessory Nerve

What muscles make up the rotator cuff?

Teres Minor

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Subscapularis

Which muscle forms the most superficial layer over the rotator cuff?

Deltoid

Which structure is found on the deep surface of Deltoid?

Axillary Nerve

Which nerve does the Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery travel with?

Axillary Nerve

Which structures make up the Quadrangular Space?

Teres Minor

Teres Major

Long Head of Triceps Brachii

Humerus

Which structures make up the Triangular Interval?

Teres Major

Long Head of Triceps Brachii

Humerus

What are the attachment points for Trapezius?

Origin: Occipital Bone; Nuchal Ligament; C7-T12

Insertion: Lateral Clavicle; Acromion; Spine of Scapula

What are the attachment points for Lattissimus Dorsi?

Origin: Spinous Processes T6-L5; Thoracolumbar Fascia

Insertion: Floor of Intertubercular Groove

What are the attachment points for Levator Scapulae?

Origin: Transverse Processes C1-C4

Insertion: Superior Angle of Scapula

What are the attachment points for Rhomboid Minor?

Origin: Nuchal Ligament; C7-T1

Insertion: Medial Border of Scapula at Spine

What are the attachment points for Rhomboid Major?

Origin: T2-T5

Insertion: Medial Border of Scapula Below Spine

What are the attachment points for Deltoid?

Origin: Lateral Third of Clavicle; Acromion; Spine of Scapula

Insertion: Deltoid Tuberosity of Humerus

What are the attachment points for Supraspinatus?

Origin: Supraspinous Fossa of Scapula

Insertion: Superior Facet of Greater Tubercle

What are the attachment points for Infraspinatus?

Origin: Infraspinous Fossa of Scapula

Insertion: Middle Facet of Greater Tubercle

What are the attachment points for Teres Minor?

Origin: Lateral Border of Scapula

Insertion: Inferior Facet of Greater Tubercle

What are the attachment points for Teres Major?

Origin: Inferior Angle of Scapula

Insertion: Medial Lip of Intertubercular Groove

What are the attachment points for Long Head of Triceps Brachii?

Origin: Infraglenoid Tubercle

Insertion: Olecranon

What are the attachment points for Lateral Head of Triceps Brachii?

Origin: Posterior Humerus (superior to radial groove)

Insertion: Olecranon

What are the attachment points for Medial Head of Triceps Brachii?

Origin: Posterior Humerus (inferior to radial groove)

Insertion: Olecranon

What is the innervation of Trapezius?

Spinal Accessory Nerve

What is the innervation of Latissimus Dorsi?

Thoracodorsal Nerve

What is the innervation of Levator Scapulae?

Dorsal Scapular Nerve

What is the innervation of Rhomboid Minor?

Dorsal Scapular Nerve

What is the innervation of Rhomboid Major?

Dorsal Scapular Nerve

What is the innervation of Deltoid?

Axillary Nerve

What is the innervation of Supraspinatus?

Suprascapular Nerve

What is the innervation of Infraspinatus?

Suprascapular Nerve

What is the innervation of Teres Minor?

Axillary Nerve

What is the innervation of Teres Major?

Lower Subscapular Nerve

What is the innervation of Triceps Brachii?

Radial Nerve

What joint is involved in a shoulder seperation?

Acromioclavicular Joint

What movements can occur at the shoulder?

Flexion/Extension

Abduction/Adduction

Medial/Lateral Rotation

What movements can occur at the Scapula?

Elevation/Depression

Protraction/Retraction

Upward/Downward Rotation

What is the action of Anterior Deltoid?

Abduction

Flexion

What is the action of Pectoralis Major?

Flexion

Adduction

What is the action of Pectoralis Minor?

Stabilize Scapula

What is the action of Posterior Deltoid?

Abduction

Extension

What is the action of Lattisimus Dorsi?

Extension

Adduction

Medial Rotation

What is the function of the rotator cuff?

Rotate Shoulder

Stabilize Shoulder

What is the action of Teres Major?

Medial Rotation of Shoulder

What is the action of Subscapular is?

Medial Rotation of Shoulder

Stabilize Shoulder

Which surface of the Clavicle is smoother overall?

Superior Surface of Clavicle

Which scapular process projects more anteriorly?

Coracoid Process of Scapula

The tendon of which muscle runs through the Intertubercular Groove?

Long Head of Biceps Brachii

The scapular spine separates which two fossae?

Supraspinous Fossa

Infraspinous Fossa

Which carpal bones articulate directly with the Radius?

Scaphoid

Lunate

Which bone is the Olecranon located on?

Ulna

Which bone of the forearm rotates during pronation/supination?

Radius

Which muscle primarily retracts the Scapula?

Trapezius

Injury to the Dorsal Scapular Nerve would most likely impair which movement?

Scapular Retraction

Which structures are you most likely to see crossing toward the shoulder when Trapezius is reflected?

Spinal Accessory Nerve

Which muscle is most directly responsible for initiating shoulder abduction?

Supraspinatus

Which structures pass through the Triangular Interval?

Radial Nerve

Profunda/Deep Brachii Artery

Radial Nerve

At the Suprascapular Notch, which structures passes below the Transverse scapular ligament?

Suprascapular Nerve

At the Suprascapular Notch, which structures passes directly above the Transverse scapular ligament?

Suprascapular Artery

Which artery runs with the radial nerve in the posterior arm?

Profunda/Deep Brachii Artery

If a structure is found inferior to Teres Major and contains both an artery and a nerve, what space is it most likely passing through?

Triangular Interval

What structures pass through the Quadrangular Space?

Axillary Nerve

Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery

At which joint does the upper limb attach to the axial skeleton?

Sternoclavicular Joint

Nursemaid’s Elbow effects which ligament in the elbow?

Radial Annular Ligament

What structure binds the Radius and Ulna?

Interosseous Membrane

From anatomical position, which movement causes the Radius to cross over the Ulna?

Pronation

Colles’ Fracture causes a dinner fork deformity at which joint?

Wrist Joint

The Axillary Artery is the distal continuation of which artery?

Subclavian Artery

What are the boundaries of the Axillary Artery?

Lateral Border of 1st Rib

Inferior Border of Teres Major

Brachial Artery is the distal continuation of which artery?

Axillary Artery

When does the Axillary Artery become the Brachial Artery?

Tendon of Teres Major

Which vein is formed by the union of the Brachial Veins and the Basilic Vein at the inferior border of Teres Major?

Axillary Vein

Where does the Subclavian Vein become the Axillary Vein?

Lateral Border of 1st Rib

Which ventral rami make up the Brachial Plexus?

C5-T1

Which nerves branch from the Lateral Cord of the Brachial Plexus?

Lateral Pectoral Nerve

Musculocutaneous Nerve

Which nerves branch from the Medial Cord of the Brachial Plexus?

Medial Pectoral Nerve

Medial Cutaneous Nerve of Arm

Medial Cutaneous Nerve of Forearm

Ulnar Nerve

Which nerves branch from the Posterior Cord of the Brachial Plexus?

Upper Subscapular Nerve

Thoracodorsal Nerve

Lower Subscapular Nerve

Axillary Nerve

Radial Nerve

Which nerve is formed by the union of the Lateral and Medial Cord of the Brachial Plexus?

Median Nerve

Which muscle is located on the anterior chest wall and is most superficial?

Pectoralis Major

Which muscle lays directly deep to Pectoralis Major?

Pectoralis Minor

Which muscle covers the anterior surface of the Scapula?

Subscapularis

Which muscle attaches along the medial border of the Scapula on the thoracic wall?

Serratus Anterior

Which Cord does the Musculocutaneous Nerve arise from?

Lateral Cord of Brachial Plexus

Which cord does the Radial Nerve arise from?

Posterior Cord of Brachial Plexus

What is the innervation of Serratus Anterior?

Long Thoracic Nerve

The Axillary Nerve is divided into three parts based on its relationship to which structure?

Pectoralis Minor

Which muscle lays deepest in the anterior arm compartment?

Pronator Quadratus

Which structure covers and protects the Brachial Artery in the cubital fossae?

Bicipital Aponeurosis

Distally, the Axillary Artery becomes which artery?

Brachial Artery

Which bone landmark does Short Head of Biceps Brachii originate from?

Coracoid Process of Scapula

Which muscle is located most medically in the superficial anterior forearm?

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Which structure seperates the anterior and posterior compartments of the forearm?

Interosseous Membrane

Which structure forms the roof of the carpal tunnel?

Flexor Retinaculum

Common Interosseous Artery arises from which artery?

Ulnar Artery

Common Interosseous Artery divided into which two artery branches?

Anterior Interosseous Artery

Posterior Interosseous Artery

What is the primary action of Serratus Anterior?

Protraction of Scapula

Which subclavicular branch of the Brachial Plexus innervates the Rhomboid Minor?

Dorsal Scapular Nerve