Functions and Structures of the Skeletal System

This set of flashcards covers essential vocabulary related to the skeletal system, including its functions, structures, and associated types of tissues.

Protective Functions of the Skeletal System

The skeleton protects vital organs such as the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs.

Red Bone Marrow

The tissue in bones where blood cells are synthesized, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Yellow Bone Marrow

Adipose tissue found in the skeleton of adults, responsible for fat storage.

Spongy Bone

Bone tissue that has a porous structure, often found at the ends of long bones and contains red bone marrow.

Compact Bone

Dense bone tissue that surrounds the spongy bone and provides structural support.

Diaphysis

The shaft or long middle portion of a long bone.

Epiphysis

The end part of a long bone, which is typically wider than the shaft.

Articular Cartilage

A smooth, slippery substance covering the ends of bones at a joint, reducing friction.

Medullary Cavity

The hollow cavity inside the diaphysis of a long bone that contains yellow bone marrow.

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue found within lacunae.

Bone Remodeling

The dynamic process by which bone is continuously being remodeled through the addition and resorption of bone.

Calcium and Phosphate

Minerals stored in bone that are essential for bone hardness and integrity.

Periosteum

A dense membrane composed of fibrous connective tissue that covers the surface of bones.

Chondrocytes

Cells found in cartilage that maintain its matrix.

Fibrocartilage

A type of cartilage that is dense and strong, found in intervertebral discs and knees.

Hyaline Cartilage

The most common type of cartilage, providing support and flexibility, found in joints and respiratory tract.

Appendicular Skeleton

The part of the skeleton that includes the limbs and pelvic and pectoral girdles.

Axial Skeleton

The part of the skeleton that includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.

Intervertebral Disc

A fibrocartilaginous pad situated between the vertebrae in the spinal column.

Scoliosis

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

Kyphosis

An exaggerated thoracic curvature, commonly known as hunchback.