Kidneys

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85 Terms

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Kidneys

organs that produce urine

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Urinary tract

organs that eliminate urine

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Ureters

paired tubes

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Urinary bladder

muscular sac

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Urethra

part of the urinary tract

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urination

process of eliminating urine

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Retroperitoneal

outside the parietal peritoneum

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superior

Where does the left kidney lie in order to the right kidney?

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Kidney

shaped like a “bean”

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convex

lateral surface of kidney

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concave

medial surface of kidney

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hilum

point of entry and exit for the ureter, renal artery, and vein

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renal fascia

binds to abdominal wall

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adipose capsule

cushions kidney

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renal capsule

encloses kidney

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Renal cortex

superficial portion of kidney in contact with renal capsule

reddish brown and granular

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Renal pelvis

leads to ureters

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Renal pyramids

conical or triangular structures

base abuts cortex

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renal papilla

tip projects into a minor calyx

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renal columns

bands of critical tissue extend into medulla

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renal columns

between pyramids

have distinct granular texture

interlobar arteries and veins

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renal lobe

renal pyramid, and overlying area of renal cortex, produces urine

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minor calyx

ducts from renal papilla discharge urine

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major calyx

formed by more than one minor calyces

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renal pelvis

large, funnel-shaped chamber consisting of two or three major calyces

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renal pelvis

connected to ureters, which drains kidney

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Renal artery

enters the kidneys

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Segmental artery

these arteries branch off of the renal artery once it enters the kidney. They lead towards the renal columns

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Interlobar artery

these are the arteries in the renal columns

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Arcuate artery

“Arc” over the pyramids

found near the border of the renal cortex and renal medulla

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Cortical radiate artery

arteries found in the renal cortex

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Afferent arterioles

blood vessel that enters the golmerulus

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glomerulus

part of the renal corpuscle

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efferent arterioles

exits the glomerulus

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peritubular capillaries

found in the cortex

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vasa recta

found in the medulla

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cortical radiate veins

veins found in the cortex and drain the cortex and peritubular capillaries

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cortical radiate vein

found in the cortex and drain the cortex and peritubular capillaries

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arcuate vein

found near the border of the renal cortex and renal medulla

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interlobar vein

found in the renal column and lead all the way to the renal vein

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renal vein

exits the kidney through the hilum

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nephron

functional unit of kidney

microscopic, tubular structures where urine production begins

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renal corpuscle

glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule

gomerulus

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Renal (uriniferous) tubules

proximal convoluted tubule

nephron loop

distal convoluted tubule

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collecting ducts (tubules)

collects from multiple nephrons, extend through the medulla

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cortical nephrons (85%)

superficial in cortex

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cortical nephrons

short nephron loops

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cortical nephrons

efferent arterioles lead to peritubular capillaries

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juxtamedullary nephrons (15%)

deep in cortex

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juxtamedullary nephrons

very long nephron loops

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juxtamedullary nephrons

efferent arterioles lead to vasa recta

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Afferent arteriole

enters large

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efferent arteriole

exits small

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glomerular capsule

surrounds the glomerulus

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glomerulus

ball of fenestrated capillaries

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glomerular capsule parietal layer

surround the outside of the renal corpuscle

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glomerular capsule visceral layer

surround the glomerular capillaries

made of podocytes with cell processes which make slit pores

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juxtaglomerular cells

enlarged smooth muscle cells surrounding the afferent arteriole

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juxtaglomerular cells

contract and relax controlling blood flow into the glomerulus thus controlling glomerular filtration rate

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mecula densa

measures flow or fluid content and signals juxtaglomerular cell to contract or relax

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ureters

extend from renal pelvis to bladder and enters from below

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ureters

are retroperitoneal, attached to posterior abdominal wall

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adventitia

CT

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musuclaris

2 layers of smooth muscle with 3rd layer in lower ureter

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muscularis

urine enters, it stretches and contracts in peristaltic wave

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mucosa

transitional epithelium

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lumen

very narrow, easily obstructed

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urinary bladder

a hollow, muscular organ that temporary stores urine

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urinary bladder

located partially in pelvic cavity, posterior to public symphysis

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parietal peritoneum

superior

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muscularis

detrusor muscle, 3 layers of smooth muscle

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mucosa

transtional epithelium

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vesicouretal sphincters

located at the opening of the ureters, appears as slits

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trigone

openings of ureters a urethra, triangular, signals the brain when stretched

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rugae

submucosal folds, high distensible

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800 ml

max capacity of urinary bladder

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deferres

What does the urethra do between the male and female?

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Micturition

200 ml urine in bladder, stretch receptors send signal to sacral spinal cord

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Micturition in sacral spinal cord

sends signals to the thalamus

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Micturition in sacral spinal cord

sends parasympathetic signals to the detrusor muscles and the internal urethral sphinter

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contract

what do detrusor muscles do?

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relax

what do internal urethral sphincter muscles do?

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Thalamus

sends signals to cerebral cortex

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cerebral cortex

hold urination, sends signals to the external urethral sphincter

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urinate

relax external urethral sphincter