thermal physics :0

What is internal energy?

the total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles that make up a system

how can you increase the thermal energy of a system?

heating or work done on the object

Explain the energy changes that occur during a change of state.

potential energy of the particles changes but the kinetic energies do not.

What equation can be used to determine the energy required to change the temperature of a substance?

Give the equation to work of the energy for change of state?

Q = ml

what is the ideal gas equation?

pV =nRT

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

V = Q-W

what is the specific heat capacity of a substance?

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of the substance by 1 K

what is the specific latent heat of a substance?

the amount of energy required to change the state per unit of substance while keeping the temperature constant.

What is an ideal gas?

a hypothetical gas that perfectly fits all the assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory

the gas molecules dont interact with each other

the molecules are thought to be perfectly sphere.

what is the internal energy of an ideal gas equal to?

the sum of the kinetic energies of the particles

What is Boyle's Law?

The relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas. P varies inversely with V. P1V1 = P2V2.

how would increasing the volume change the temperature of the gas?

increase the temperature as long as the pressure is constant

explain how increasing the temperature of a balloon while keeping the volume the same will increase the pressure.

as the temperature increases the kinetic energy increases, therefore the particles travel faster and the rate of collisions increases. this means that the particles exert a greater force which in turn means that there is an increased rate of change in momentum which increases pressure.

What is absolute zero?

0 Kelvin, -273 Celsius

this is where particles have no/minimum energy.

What is Avogadro's constant?

The number of atoms there are in one mole of a substance.

state and assumption of an ideal gas related to time.

the time for each collision negligible in comparison to the time taken between collisions.

describe 3 assumptions of the ideal gas equation.

random motion

follows newtons laws of motion

no intermolecular forces act between particles

volume of particles is negligible compared to the volume of the container that they are in.

what is meant by the root mean square speed?

The square root of the mean of the squares of the speeds of the molecules.

What is Brownian motion?

the erratic random movement of microscopic particles in a fluid, as a result of continuous bombardment from molecules of the surrounding medium. it will be fractionally more on one side than the other so a force will push it for an instant as the net forces shifts direction. gives evidence for the existence of atoms