Prevention and Relapse Management - Suicide - Integrative Model of Mood Disorders

Continuation Treatment

Maintain therapy 6–12 months after remission to prevent relapse.

Maintenance Therapy

Long-term treatment for chronic or recurrent cases.

Lifestyle Management

Regular sleep, exercise, social support lower relapse rates.

CBT for Insomnia (Bipolar)

Improves sleep and stabilizes mood.

Suicidal Ideation

Thoughts of killing oneself.

Suicidal Attempt

Nonfatal self-harm with intent to die.

Risk Factors

Mood disorders (especially bipolar and MDD), substance abuse, impulsivity, hopelessness, family history.

Gender Differences on Suicide

Women attempt more; men die more (use lethal means).

Age Risk on Suicide

Highest among adolescents and elderly men.

Cultural Factors on Suicide

Rates differ by religion, culture, and social norms (lowest in Catholics and Muslims).

Warning Signs on Suicide

Talking about death, giving away belongings, withdrawal, sudden calmness.

Prevention on Suicide

Crisis hotlines, restricting lethal means, early treatment, social support.

Safety Planning on Suicide

Collaborative plan outlining warning signs, coping steps, and emergency contacts.

Biological Factors

Genetic vulnerability, neurotransmitter imbalance, sleep/cortisol disruption.

Psychological Factors

Cognitive distortions, learned helplessness, stress interpretation.

Social/Cultural Factors

Interpersonal stress, gender roles, low support, social isolation.

Equifinality

Multiple pathways (biological, psychological, social) can lead to the same mood disorder outcome.

Treatment Approach

Most effective interventions combine biological + psychological + social strategies.