Chapter 9 cont. - Movements at Synovial Joints

What are the 4 categories of movement at synovial joints?

gliding, angular movements, rotation, special movements

What is gliding movement at synovial joints? List an example

nearly flat bone surfaces slide over one another (back-and-forth, side to side)

• e.g. intercarpal joints

What are angular movements at synovial joints?

increase or decrease in angle between articulating bones (usually along the median plane)

What is flexion?

decrease in angle between articulating bones

What is extension?

increase in angle between articulating bones

What is lateral flexion?

decrease in angle between bones in the coronal plane (bending to the side)

What is abduction?

movement of a bone away from a midline

What is adduction?

movement of a bone toward a midline

What is circumduction?

movement of the distal end of a body part in a circle that combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

What is rotation at synovial joints?

bone revolves around its LONGITUDINAL AXIS

What are the special movements of the mandible?

• elevation (upward)

• depression (downward)

• protraction (forward)

• retraction (backward)

What is inversion (special movement of foot)?

turning sole to face midline

What is eversion (special movement of foot)?

turning sole to face away from midline

What is dorsiflexion?

bending the foot toward the shin (standing on heels)

What is plantar flexion?

bending the foot toward the sole (standing on tippy toes)

What is supination?

turning palms up/anteriorly (like holding a bowl of soup)

What is pronation?

turning palms down/posteriorly

What is opposition?

movement of the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint to touch the other fingers on the same hand