[16] Gorbachev's role in the collapse of the Soviet Union

When did Gorbachev come in to power over the Soviet Union after who

1985, replacing Konstantin Chernenko who passed away

When did Gorbachev introduce Perestroika and Glasnost

In 1986

What was Glasnost?

meaning "openness," allowed for freedom of speech, ended the punishment of government critics and introduced an elected parliament called the Congress of People's Deputies.

What was Perestroika

meaning "restructuring," aimed to revive the economy and encourage new ideas and workers were allowed to set up their own businesses

what actions did Gorbachev take in Eastern Europe that made him responsible for the collapse of the soviet union

Gorbachev prioritized reforming Russia and saw Soviet control over others as outdated. In 1988, he ended the Brezhnev Doctrine, replacing it with the Sinatra Doctrine. He and Reagan signed nuclear treaties, and he encouraged reforms in Eastern Europe, including in East Germany.

People power in Romania

Leader Nicolae Ceauşescu vowed to crush protests, but while he was away, they began. He ordered troops to open fire, but the military refused, forcing him to flee. Free elections followed in 1990.

People power in East Germany

When the east german government tried to suppress mass emigration through open borders, Gorbachev’s visit urged reform and the berlin wall eventually came down on November 9th 1989

External factors such as Afghanistan

the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 turned into a guerrilla war which drained the economy and demoralized the military leading to pressure to withdraw.

External factors such as Reagan and the USA

Reagan increased U.S. military spending by a third, outpacing the Soviet Union in the arms race. Unable to compete, the Soviets turned for peace.