IB SL Spanish Grammar

Direct Object Pronouns

-who/ what received action

Lo La

Los Las

Indirect Object Prounouns

-to or for whom the action is done

me nos

te

le les

Para

Purpose, Effect (in order to), Recipient, Future/ Point in time, Employment, Comparison, Towards

Por

Cause/ Reason, Length of time, frequency, on behalf of/ in favor of, in exchange for, through/ along/ by, gratitude, means of doing something

Irregular hacer preterite

hic

Irregular tener preterite

tuv

Irregular poder preterite

pud

Irregular estar prederite

estuv

Irregular ser/ ir prederite

fui fuimos

fuiste

fue fueron

Irregular dar prederite

di

Informal Affirmative Hacer command

haz

Informal Affirmative poner command

pon

Informal Affirmative tener command

ten

Informal Affirmative ir command

ve

Informal Affirmative venir command

ven

Informal Affirmative salir command

sal

Informal Affirmative ser command

se

Informal Affirmative seguir command

siga

Informal Affirmative decir command

di

Irregular Imperfect ser

era

Irregular Imperfect ir

iba

Irregular Imperfect ver

veia

Here

aquí

there

allí

over there

allá

this

esta/ este

that

esa/ ese/ eso

that over there

aquella/ aquello

mine

mío

yours

tuyo

his/ hers

suyo

ours

nuestro

theirs

suyo

something

algo

nothing

nada

someone

alguien

no one

nadie

always

siempre

never

nunca

some

alguno/ a

none

ninguno/ a

also

también

neither

tampoco

Future

1. leave verb in infinitive

2. attach ending

é emos

ás

á án

Si clause

1. conditional infinitive

2. add ending

ía íamos

ías

ía ían

subjunctive

V1= conjugate normally

V2= 1. yo form

2. drop o

add opposite ending

+ Tu command

1. tu form

2. drop s

- tu command

1. no

2. tu form

3. swap endings

+ ud. command

1. usted form (a/e)

2. swap ending

- ud. command

1. no

1. usted form

2. swap ending

+ uds. command

1. uds. form

2. swap endings

- uds. command

1. no

2. uds. form

3. swap endings

Present Perfect-have

he hemos

has

ha han

-ado/ -ido

Pluscam perfect-had

habia habiamos

habias

habia habian

-ado/ ido

Future perfect- will have

habré habremos

habrás

habrá habrán

Subjunctive perfect- I have v2

haya hayamos

hayas

haya hayan

Conditional perfect- I would have

habria habriamos

habrias

habria habrian

Imperfect subjunctive perfect- I had v2

hubiera hubieramos

hubieras

hubiera hubieran

I don't agree

No estoy de acuerdo

I hear what you say

Oigo lo que dices

It seems that

Me parece que

It's true but

Si, es cierto que

I would say that

Bueno, yo diria que

I think that

Pienso que

tan

adjectivo

tanto

noun

Imperfecto

1. say what is happening

2. say what used to happen

3. describe people or things in past

4. express what happened over and over again in past

5. tell time and dates in past

6. tell age in past

7. tell weather in past

8. tell location in past

9. describe a person's physical condition/ emotional state

10. two simultaneous actions (mientras)

aba abamos ía íamos

abas ías

aba aban ía ían

Preterito

1. action that began and ended at a specific time in past

2. action that interrupted an ongoing action

3. successive actions of events in past

é amos i imos

aste iste

o aron o ieron

Gerund (ing)

-ando

-iendo

saber

to know fact

saber preterit

to find out

conocer

to know person

conocer preterit

to meet

poder

could/ able to

poder preterit

to manage to

querer

to want

querer preterit

to try