Organic Chemistry- Study of organic Compounds

Organic Chemistry

study of compounds containing carbon

Organic Molecules

compounds containing carbon

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acid

What are the 4 categories of carbon compounds?

Carbon

this element serves as a backbone for organic molecules

Functional Groups

atoms attached to carbon backbone, determine chemical properties

Hydroxyl, methyl, carboxyl,amino, and phosphate

What are the 5 functional groups?

Sugars and alcohols

What substances are hydroxyl groups found in?

Fats, oils, steroids, and amino acids

What substances are methyl groups found in?

Amino acids, sugars, and proteins

What substances are carboxyl groups found in?

Amino acids and proteins

What substances are amino groups found in?

Nucleic Acids and ATP

What substances are phosphate groups found in?

Polymers

formed from monomers bonded together

Monomers

a subunit or building block

Macromolecules

very large molecules

Polymerization

• bonding of monomers to form a polymer

• formed by dehydration synthesis

Proteins

________ are a polymer of amino acids

Glucose

___________ is a monomer of starch

Dehydration Synthesis

a chemical reaction that joins two or more molecules together, forming a larger molecule while releasing a water molecule as by product

Hydrolysis Reaction

a chemical reaction where water is added to break down molecules

Hydrophilic

water soluble

Hydrophobic

repel water

(CH₂O)_n

What is the general formula of a carbohydrate?

2:1

What is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in carbohydrates?

Sacchar- and -ose

What root and suffix is used to name carbs?

Carbohydrate

• generic term is sugars

• hydrophilic organic molecule

Monosaccharides

• simple sugars

• general formula is C₆H₁₂O₆

• structural isomers

Glucose, Galactose, and Fructose

What are the three major monosaccharides?

Fructose

sugar that comes from fruit

Glucose

blood sugar

Galactose

a larger form of glucose

Through digestion of complex carbohydrates

how are simple sugars (monosaccharides) produced?

Disaccharides

sugar molecule composed of 2 monosaccharides

Sucrose, Lactose, and Maltose

What are the three major disaccharides?

A sugar molecule composed of two monosaccharides

What are disaccharides?

Sucrose

this sugar is produced from plants

Lactose

sugar in milk

Maltose

sugar found in grain products

Polysaccharides

chains of glucose subunits

Starch

energy storage in plants