Era 4 Quest Info

modern location of ottoman empire

iran + turkey

modern location of inca empire

peru

modern location of aztec empire

mexico

primary locations of judaism

europe and the middle east

primary locations of christianity

europe and the middle east

primary locations of islam

parts of asia, africa, and southern europe

primary locations of hinduism

india and parts of the southeast

primary locations of buddhism

east and southeast asia

identify regions linked, goods traded, and ideas transported along

the silk road

-linked europe and asia

-Ideologies: Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam

-Goods/Services: secrets of printing, silk, paper, gunpowder

identify regions linked, goods traded, and ideas transported along

the trans saharan trade route

-linked the different parts of africa, and europe

-ideology: islam

-goods/services: merchant communities

identify regions linked, goods traded, and ideas transported along the

North Europe to Black Sea

-links europe, east asia, and northern Africa

-ideology: christianity and catholicism

-goods/services: grain, spices, cotton, wool, tobacco, coal

identify regions linked, goods traded, and ideas transported along

South China Sea and lands of Southeast Asia

-links China, Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia

-ideology: Buddhism

-goods/services: textiles, silk, porcelain, paper, compass

identify regions linked, goods traded, and ideas transported along

Maritime routes across Indian ocean

-links africa, middle east, india, china

-idealogy: hinduism

-goods/services: spices, textiles, lateen sail, new crops, wood

identify regions linked, goods traded, and ideas transported along

Western European sea and river trade

links: africa and europe

ideology: islam and christianity/catholicism

goods and services: gold

What technological and scientific advancements had been made and exchanged from the East to the West by 1500 A.D. (C.E.)

Guns (because of gunpowder empires)

How did Chinese and Arab science influence later European scientific advancements?

Returned greek and roman science
Roman Numerals

What does the word Renaissance mean in French?

Rebirth

Name the famous Renaissance artist who sculpted the first free standing statue since antiquity.

Donatello

Who wrote In Praise of Folly?

Erasmus

Members of the \___________ family were important bankers in Italy and dominated politics in Florence.

Medici

What did the Roman Catholic Church say about the practice of usury?

The Roman Catholic Church condemned usury. "The nature of the sin called usury has its proper place and origin in a loan contract... [which] demands, by its very nature, that one return to another only as much as he has received. The sin rests on the fact that sometimes the creditor desires more than he has given..., but any gain which exceeds the amount he gave is illicit and usurious." - Pope Benedict XIV

(True or False) The Roman Catholic Church held great economic, political, and social power prior to the Reformation.

True

In the Roman Catholic Church, what leader is the ultimate authority within the Church?

the pope

Corruption and the sale of \__________ caused great concern among early Church reformers.

indulgences

Who initiated the Reformation by posting the 95 Thesis on the church doors at Wittenberg University?

Martin Luther

(True or False) Martin Luther translated the Bible into German.

True

John Calvin believed in \____________ which means that your fate has already been decided by God.

predestination

(True or False) During the Reformation the Hapsburg family and the authority of the Holy Roman Empire continued to support the Roman Catholic Church.

True

What war within the Holy Roman Empire pitted the Catholics and Protestants against each other during the 1600's?

Thirty Years' War

Why did the Catholic French aid the Protestants in this war and what man promoted this policy?

To gain European leadership,

Cardinal Richelieu

The Reformation contributed to the rise of (socialism or capitalism)

Capitalism

What document gave the Protestant Huguenots freedom of worship within France?

Edict of Nantes

What new invention by Johannes Gutenberg helped spread the ideas of the Reformation and helped increase literacy?

Printing Press

(True or False) During the Early Modern Era political and religious pluralism developed in Europe.

True

During the English Civil, those troops who supported the King were called\_______ while Cromwell's forces were called \____________.

Cavaliers/Royalists;

Roundheads/Parliamentary forces

Oliver Cromwell defeated the forces of which English king?

King Charles I

After the death of Cromwell, which Stuart king took the throne in what was called the Restoration?

King Charles II

\_________and \_________ were put on the English throne as a result of the Glorious Revolution.

William of Orange (the Dutch leader);

Mary (his wife and James II's daughter)

T/F - Parliamentary power was increased over royal power as a result of the Glorious Revolution.

True

Identify major developments in western culture during the Late Middle Ages.

Decline of church power

New monarchies

Centralization of states

Identify multiple reasons why the Renaissance occurred first in the Italian Peninsula.

Italians began to come in contact with other civilizations

Collapse of Byzantine Empire (lack of single strong ruler)

Patronage of wealthy Roman Catholic Church in Rome

Proximity to Classical Empires

Wealthy Italian merchants

Feudalism and manorialism fragmented

Competition between wealthy people and city states

Identify three major Italian cities that had access to the sea lanes connecting Europe with Middle Eastern markets.

Pisa, Venice, and Genoa

What were some of the artistic innovations of the Renaissance?

Realism and Expression

Perspective

Geometrical arrangement of figures

Use of contemporary people, scenes, and clothing regardless of theme

Classical (pagan) themes as well as church themes

Use of light for shadowing

Individualism

What were some of the literary innovations of the Renaissance?

Writing in vernacular

Shakespearean plays

What intellectual ideas do we associate with the Renaissance?

Humanism, classicism

Identify differences between Machiavelli's and Erasmus' writings and identify socio-political and intellectual developments in Northern Europe and the Italian peninsula that explain these differences.

humanism (machiavelli) vs pragmatism (erasmus)

Speculate on how the Renaissance influenced how Europe interacted with the rest of the world.

Free thinking

Art

Literature

Political & religious issues began

"Started" the reformation

What were the problems and issues that provoked religious reforms in Western Christianity

-indulgences

-church was corrupt

What were the major economic incentives for leaving the Roman Catholic Church?

- no longer having to pay Tithe (10% of ur paycheck is taken as a tax)

-church had economic restrictions (ban on usury, just price)

-no longer having indulgences for salvation

What were the major political incentives for leaving the Roman Catholic Church?

-the King (and not the pope/church) would have the final say

What were the major differences between Martin Luther's belief and those of the Roman Catholic Church?

Luther did not believe in indulgences, and that no one but God could be sure of salvation

What were John Calvin major beliefs?

John Calvin believed that faith alone was sufficient for being worthy of salvation, but he also believed in predestination.

Why did Henry VIII separate from the Roman Catholic Church? What changes did he make to the religion?

-the church would not annul his marriage, which he wanted to annul because his current wife was not giving him any male heirs

-he made a change declaring the King, and not the pope, as the only supreme head

Identify the accomplishments (military, political, religious) of Elizabeth I.

Defeated spanish armada

Practiced moderate protestantism to keep everyone happy

Moderate in foreign policy

Balanced power between Spain & France

What specific actions did the Roman Catholic Church take during the Catholic or Counter Reformation

The Roman Catholic Church established a new religious order called the Jesuits, reformed the papacy, and called the Council of Trent.

How did national identity play a role in the Reformation?

After treaty of Augsburg, it was said that whatever religion is, it is determined by your country.

How did the Reformation change attitude towards secularism

more prominent, people studied humanities more, more art

How did the Reformation change attitude towards individualism

confessional pluralism

How did the Reformation change attitude towards religious tolerance

anti-semitism remained common

How did the Reformation change attitude towards music

strophic hymn

How did the Reformation change attitude towards the role of women

mutual love between a man and woman was praised, but man and wife roles were emphasized (so women seen more as child bearers)

In what ways was Western Europe in 1750 different from Medieval Western Europe?

supreme head had more power, less emphasis on religion (scientific revolution), art styles changed, mercantilism

In what way did the commercial revolution of the sixteenth century change the social structure in Western Europe?

A LOT more trade, so merchants became more intense while the importance of artisans and peasants died out.

Explain connections between the Scientific Revolution and earlier ideas.

-earlier on, they made lots of observations about nature, which the scientific revolution found facts to explain

copernicus

developed the heliocentric theory

Tycho Brahe

made measurements of the planets and stars before the invention of the telescope, hired Kepler as an assistant.

Johannes Kepler

discovered planetary motion (basing his work on Brahe's data)

William Harvey

discovered circulation of blood

Galileo Galilei

used the telescope to support heliocentric theory

Isaac Newton

discovered laws of gravity

Ben Franklin

discovered that lightning is electricity

Antoine Lavoisier

Father of modern chemistry, named oxygen and hydrogen

Explain the cultural significance of the "Scientific Revolution". For example, how did attitudes toward nature, religion, and the future of society begin to change?

Religion became less prominent in science while nature became a focus.

Give some of the characteristics of the new economic system that emerged as a result of the Commercial Revolution.

Economic expansion, colonialism, mercantilism (maximizing exports)

How did the Commercial Revolution affect European social classes and attitudes toward consumption and leisure?

More things to buy means more consumption (because of mercantilism).

Merchants \> artisans

Leisure is important!

How was the absolute monarchy of the seventeenth century different from political forms of the Middle Ages?

Follows religious conflict

Established a monopoly on violence

Controlled justice & enforcement of law

Increased control over economic life

Sense of legitimacy

Patriotic allegiance

Identify ways in which European monarchs centralized political, religious, military, economic authority?

Monopoly on violence
-Violence has to be govt sanctioned
-Stronger militaries
-Banned dueling (Cardinal)
-Outlawed castle construction & maintaining private army
-Greater control of military
-Public executions to compensate for lack of law enforcement
-Ended religious wars

Controlled justice & enforcement of law
-Court systems paid by govt, used to keep unruly noblemen in check
(Star chamber)

More participation in economy
-Minted currency - sovereigns
-Created uniform units of measurements
-Implemented mercantilist practices - reduced internal tariffs to facilitate trade b/w fellow countrymen

Created sense of legitimacy
-Marrying into royal families (i.e. Henry & Elizabeth of York)

Controls religious institutions

Patriotic allegiances to state not region (banning serfdoms)

How did monarchs maintain religious uniformity within their countries?

though a strong army, persecution, or other threats

Peter the Great

Russia, westernized Russia

Louis XIV

France, Palace of Versailles as a symbol of royal power

Frederick the Great

Prussia, emphasis on military power

Catherine the Great

Russia, expansion of borders

Elizabeth I

England, promoted Protestantism

What political, economic, and religious developments in 17th century England worked against Charles I, and led to his downfall. Address both his actions and those developments beyond his control.

Accepted the Petition of Rights but later ignored it due to his belief in the Divine Right of Kings

English civil war in 1642 between the Cavaliers and the Roundheads

Purge of Parliament resulting in Rump Parliament

Cromwell's New Model Army

Identify three policies (social or political) that made Oliver Cromwell unpopular?

Executing Charles I

Dispersing Rump Parliament

Setting up a military dictatorship in England

Identify two specific rights established by the English Bill of Rights.

Parliament's right to make laws and levy taxes

The right of citizens to bear arms and have jury trials

How did the English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution promote the development of the rights of Englishmen?

Parliamentarians vs Royalists

Manner of english
governance
-More lenient, but less parliament centered and less gov't centered

Cossacks

people of southern Russia and Ukraine, noted for their horsemanship and military skill

Time of Troubles

a period of anarchy in Russia after Ivan the Terrible's dynasty

Romanov dynasty

the family of rulers descended from Michael Romanov

Ivan the Terrible

first ruler to take the title of czar

Peter the Great

one of the most prominent rulers of the Romanov dynasty, absolute monarch who claimed the divine right to rule

Catherine the Great

tsar after Peter the Great

In what ways were the policies of Westernization undertaken by Peter the Great and Catherine the Great more appearance than substance?

Catherine kind of messed up the social structure (how?) and so did Peter, so they were not that useful

Match the explorer with the country they sailed for.

Christopher Columbus

Spain

Match the explorer with the country they sailed for.

Jacques Cartier

France

Match the explorer with the country they sailed for.

Vasco da Gama

Portugal

Match the explorer with the country they sailed for.

Herdando Cortez

Spain

Match the explorer with the country they sailed for.

Prince Henry the Navigator

Portugal

Match the explorer with the country they sailed for.

Francis Drake

England