Hole's Anatomy & Physiology 1 Module 1 - Chapter 1 flashcards

Anatomy

examines structures of body parts - their forms and organization.

Physiology

considers the functions of body parts- what they do and how they do it.

Chemicals

What are all materials including those that comprise the human body composed of?

atoms; subatomic particles

Chemicals consist of tiny particles called? Which are composed of even smaller ————?

Molecules

atoms join to form ——————?

Macromolecules

small molecules may combine to form larger ________? (BIGMAC)

Cell

In humans and other organisms the basic unit of structure and function is a _______?

Tissue

What are specialized cells that assemble into layers or masses that have specific functions?

Organs

Groups of different tissues form ________?

Organ systems

Complex structures with specialized functions-and groups of organs that function closely together comprise__________?

Organism

Interacting organ systems make up an _________?

(a complete unit of life)

Atom → Molecules → Macromolecules → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism

The order of a Human Organism : __________?

1. Growth

2. Reproduction

3. Responsiveness

4. Movement

5. Matabolism

   1. respiration

   2. Digestion

   3. Circulation

   4. Excretion

What are the Characteristics of life?

Metabolism

Taken together, the physiological events that obtain, release, and use energy are a major part of __________?

1. Chemicals

2. Heat

3. Pressure

Human life depends upon what following environmental factors?:

Water

What is the most abundant chemical in all living systems?

Heat

The degree of ________ present partly determines the rate at which metabolic reactions occur?

Homeostasis

the body’s ability to keeps its internal conditions stable is __________?

Homeostatic Mechanisms

The body maintains homeostasis through a number of self-regulating control systems called ______________?

1. receptors

2. control center

3. effectors

Homeostatic Mechanisms share what three components?

Receptors

What component of the homeostatic mechanisms provide information about specific conditions (stimuli) in the internal environment?

Control Center

What component of the homeostatic mechanisms is a decision maker that includes a set point?

Effectors

What component of the homeostatic mechanisms such as muscles or glands take action, and cause appropriate responses?

Negative Feedback

What effector response is activated in which the correction reduces the response of the effectors

Positive Feedback

What homeostatic mechanism operation is occurring in which a change is not reversed but intensified and the effector activity is initially increased rather than turned off?

1. Axial Portion

2. Appendicular Portion

What two portions can the human body be divided into?

1. Cranial Cavity

2. vertebral Canal

3. thoracic cavity

4. abdominopelvic cavity

Within the axial portion are the:

The Brain

What is housed inside the cranial cavity?

1. Oral

2. Nasal

3. Orbital

4. Tympanic

Smaller Cavities in the head include what following? :

The middle ear bone

What do the tympanic cavities contain?

the eyes and associated skeletal muscles and nerves

what do the Orbital Cavities contain?

Connecting with several air-filled sinuses

What does the nasal cavity consist of?

Teeth and Tongue

what does the oral cavity contain?

Thoracic Cavity

What houses the right and left pleural cavities, mediastinum, and the pericardial cavity?

The Mediastinum

What compartment extends forward to the sternum and backward to the vertebral column? Forms a boundary between the right and left sides of the thoracic cavity?

Most of the thoracic cavity viscera: (heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus) except for the lungs.

What does the Mediastinum contain?

The Diaphragm

What structure/organ separates the Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity?

1. Abdominal Cavity

2. Pelvic Cavity

What 2 cavities consist of the Abdominopelvic cavity?

Serous Membranes

What thin membrane lines the walls of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities and fold back to cover the organs within these cavities?

Parietal Layer

What is the layer of serous membrane that lines the wall of the cavities?

Visceral Layer

What is the layer of Serous Membrane that covers an organ?

Organ Systems

What includes a set of interrelated organs that work together to provide specialized functions?

Integumentary system

What Organ System include the skin and accessory organs such as hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands?

Integumentary System

What organ system, helps regulate body temperature, protect underlying tissues, house a variety of sensory receptors, and synthesize certain products?

Support and Move body parts

What do the organs of skeletal and muscular systems do?

Skeletal System

What organ system consists of the bones as well as the ligaments and cartilages that bind bones together at joints?

Muscular System

What organ system consists of muscles that contract and pull their ends closer together?

Nervous System & Endocrine System

what two organ systems must be integrated and coordinated for the body to function or act as a unit?

Nervous System

what organ system consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs?

Endocrine system

What organ system includes all the glands that secrete chemical messengers, called hormones?

Cardiovascular System

What organ system includes the heart, arteries, capillaries, veins, and blood?

Lymphatic System

What Organ System is composed of the lymphatic vessels, lymph fluid, lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen?

Digestive System

What Organ System receives foods and the breaks down food molecules into simpler forms that can be absorbed into the internal environment?

Mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, and large intestines.

The digestive system consists of the:

Respiratory System

What organ system moves air in and out of the body and exchanges gases between blood and air?

The Urinary System

What organ system removes wastes from the blood and assist in maintaining the body’s water and electrolyte concentrations?

Reproductive System

What organ system is the process of producing offspring?

Anterior

What body orientation is this?

Deep

What body orientation is this?

Distal

What body orientation is this?

Inferior

What body orientation is this?

Lateral

What body orientation is this?

Medial

What body orientation is this?

Posterior

What body orientation is this?

Proximal

What body orientation is this?

Superficial

What body orientation is this?

Superior

What body orientation is this?

Abdominopelvic Region

Antebrachial Region

Axillary Region

Brachial Region

Buccal Region

Carpal Region

Cubital region

Epigastric Region

Femoral region

Frontal region

Gluteal region

Hypogastric region

Left hypochondriac region

Left inguinal region

Left lower quadrant

Left upper quadrant

Lumbar region

Mammary region

Mental region

Occipital region

Oral region

Parietal region

Pelvic cavity

Popliteal Fossa

Right hypochondriac region

Right inguinal region

Right lower quadrant

Right upper quadrant

Sacral region

Scapular region

Temporal region