Related to Diseases and Transmission

Disease

a disorder or incorrect function of an organ, structure, or system of an animal’s body

Direct Contact Transmission

occurs when animal has direct contact with a susceptible animal

examples: touching an infected animal, sexual contact, contact with oral secretions, contact with body lesions

Indirect Contact Transmission

occurs when animal comes in contact with a contaminated surface or a host animal

examples: sharing feed/water bowls, coming into contact with other shared contaminated surfaces, coming into contact with a host animal (same way as direct contact)

Droplet Contact Transmission

occurs when droplets containing microorganisms come in contact with the eyes, nose, or mouth

examples: infected animal coughing/sneezing onto susceptible animals

Airborne Transmission

occurs when droplets are evaporated or dust (can be dust from infect feed) particles which contain microorganisms are in the air

examples: animals ingesting microorganisms, breathing in microorganisms into their respiratory tract

Fecal-oral Transmission

occurs when microorganisms enter the body through ingestion of contaminated feed or water

examples: animals eating/drinking contaminated water

Vector-borne Transmission

occurs when vectors, animals, or insects transfer disease to other susceptible animals

examples: flies/mites/ticks transfer disease through biting susceptible animals, rats spread disease through feces which are accidentally ingested by susceptible animals

pathogen

microscopic or macroscopic organisms causing a disease

classifications: viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi, protozoa

immunity

an animals ability to protect and defend their body from infection, disease, or other unwanted/foreign organisms and objects

passive immunity

occurs due to the injection of antibodies from outside the body to fight off infection or disease; short term/not permanent

active immunity

occurs when the animal’s body produces its own antibodies to fight off infection or disease; long term/permanent

macroscopic

organism is large enough to be perceived or examined by the unaided eye

virus

cannot reproduce with out host

consist of DNA and RNA

can take over functions of host cell

bacteria

prokaryotic

may produce toxins harmful to body

multiple rapidly without host

indentified by shape

shapes: cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod), spirill (spiral)

parasite

internal or external

internal life cycle = host>fecal matter>parasite growth stage>ingested parasite> host

external life cycle = adult>eggs>larvae>nymphs>adult

effect host animals through contact or ingestion

living organisms

fungi

eukaryotic

yeasts, molds, mushrooms

live in air, soil, plant, or water

produce transmittable spores which can cause fungal diseases

study of fungi = mycology

protozoa

greek for the first animal

predominantly single-celled organisms housing a membrane bound nucleus and belonging to the kingdom Protista

breathe, move, and reproduce similar to multi-cellular animals

classified into many types

genetics

study of heredity, where parents pass genes onto their offspring