COMM 1101- FINAL EXAM

I believe in u bbg

affirmations

Positive, motivating statements that replace negative self-talk.

audience

Complex and varied group of people the speaker addresses.

audience centered

Acknowledging your audience by considering and listening to the unique, diverse, and common perspectives of its members before, during, and after your speech.

channel

Means by which the message is conveyed.

civility

Care and concern for others, the thoughtful use of words and language, and the flexibility to see the many sides of an issue.

cognitive restructuring

Process that helps reduce anxiety by replacing negative thoughts with positive ones, called affirmations.

communication apprehension

the fear or anxiety associated with real or anticipated communication with others.

context

Environment or situation in which a speech occurs.

decoding

Translating words, sounds, and gestures into ideas and feelings in an attempt to understand the message.

encoding

Translating ideas and feelings into words, sounds, and gestures.

ethical public speaker

Speaker who considers the moral impact of his or her ideas and arguments on others when involved in the public dialogue.

feedback

Verbal and nonverbal signals an audience gives a speaker.

group communication

Communication among members of a team or a collective about topics such as goals, strategies, and conflict.

interpersonal communication

Communication with other people that ranges from the highly personal to the highly impersonal.

intrapersonal communication

Communication with ourselves via the dialogue that goes on in our heads.

mass communication

Communication generated by media organizations that is designed to reach large audiences.

message

Information conveyed by the speaker to the audience.

noise

Anything that interferes with understanding the message being communicated.

public communication

Communication in which one person gives a speech to other people, most often in a public setting.

public dialogue

Ethical and civil exchange of ideas and opinions among communities about topics that affect the public.

speaker

Person who stimulates public dialogue by delivering an oral message.

state or situational anxiety

Apprehension about communicating with others in a particular situation.

systematic desensitization

Technique for reducing anxiety that involves teaching your body to feel calm and relaxed rather than fearful during your speeches.

trait anxiety

Apprehension about communicating with others in any situation.

visualization

Process in which you construct a mental image of yourself giving a successful speech.

informative speaking environment

Environment in which a speaker has expertise or knowledge that an audience needs but doesn’t already have.

informative speech

Speech that communicates knowledge and understanding about a process, an event, a person or place, an object, or a concept.

speeches about concepts

Informative speech about an abstraction, something you cannot perceive with your senses, such as an idea, a theory, a principle, a worldview, or a belief.

speeches about places and people

Informative speech that describes a significant, interesting, or unusual place or person.

speeches about processes

Informative speech that describes how something is done, how something comes to be what it is, or how something works.

speeches about events

Informative speech that describes or explains a significant, interesting, or unusual occurrence.

speeches about objects

Informative speech about anything that is tangible, that can be perceived by the senses.

behavioral objectives

Actions a speaker wants the audience to take at the end of a speech.

brainstorming

Process of generating ideas randomly and uncritically, without attention to logic, connections, or relevance.

general purpose

Speech’s broad goal: to inform, invite, persuade, introduce, commemorate, or accept.

specific purpose

Focused statement that identifies exactly what a speaker wants to accomplish with a speech.

speech topic

Subject of your speech.

thesis statement

Statement that summarizes in a single declarative sentence the main ideas, assumptions, or arguments you want to express in your speech.

abstract

Summary of the text in an article or publication.

bibliographic database

Database that indexes publishing data for books, periodical articles, government reports, statistics, patents, research reports, conference proceedings, and dissertations.

Boolean operators

Words you can use to create specific phrases that broaden or narrow your search on the Internet.

database

Collections of information stored electronically so they are easy to find and retrieve.

full-text database

Database that indexes the complete text of newspapers, periodicals, encyclopedias, research reports, court cases, books, and the like.

global plagiarism

Stealing an entire speech from a single source and presenting it as your own.

incremental plagiarism

Presenting select portions from a single speech as your own.

index

Alphabetical listing of the topics discussed in a specific publication, along with the corresponding year, volume, and page numbers.

information overload

When we take in more information than we can process but realize there still is more information we are expected to know.

interview

Planned interaction with another person that is organized around inquiry and response, with one person asking questions while the other person answers them.

patchwork plagiarism

Constructing a complete speech that you present as your own from portions of several different sources.

plagiarism

Presenting another person’s words and ideas as your own.

preliminary bibliography

List of all the potential sources you’ll use as you prepare your speech.

probe

Question that fills out or follows up an answer to a previous question.

research inventory

List of the types of information you have for your speech and the types you want to find.

backing

The evidence you have to be certain your warrant supports your grounds.

bias

Unreasoned distortion of judgment or prejudice about a topic.

brief narrative

Short story or vignette that illustrates a specific point.

claim

Assertion that must be proved.

connotative definition

Subjective meaning of a word or phrase based on personal experiences and beliefs.

definition

Statement of the exact meaning of a word or phrase.

denotative definition

Objective meaning of a word or a phrase you find in a dictionary.

direct quotation

Exact word-for-word presentation of another’s testimony.

etymology

History of a word.

evidence

Materials that speakers use to support their ideas.

example

Specific instance used to illustrate a concept, experience, issue, or problem.

expert testimony

Opinions or observations of someone considered an authority in a particular field.

extended narrative

Longer story that makes an evolving connection with a broader point.

grounds

Why you think something is true or want to propose it.

hypothetical example

Instance that did not take place but could have.

intertextuality

Process in which stories reference other stories or rely on parts of other stories to be complete.

mean

Average of a group of numbers.

median

Middle number in a series or set of numbers arranged in a ranked order.

mode

Number that occurs most often in a set of numbers.

narrative

Story that recounts or foretells real or hypothetical events.

objective

Having a fair, ethical, and undistorted view on a question or issue.

paraphrase

Summary of another’s testimony in the speaker’s own words.

peer testimony

Opinions or observations of someone who has firsthand knowledge of a topic (sometimes called lay testimony).

personal testimony

Your own opinions or observations that you use to convey your point.

real example

Instance that actually took place.

statistics

Numerical summaries of facts, figures, and research findings.

testimony

Opinions or observations of others.

warrant

The evidence you have to be certain your grounds support your claim.

causal pattern

Pattern of organization that describes a cause-and-effect relationship between ideas or events.

chronological pattern

Pattern of organization that traces a sequence of events or ideas.

connective

Word or a phrase used to link ideas in a speech.

coordination

Process of arranging points into successive levels, with the points on a specific level having equal importance.

internal preview

Statement in the body of a speech that details what the speaker plans to discuss next.

internal summary

Statement in the body of a speech that summarizes a point a speaker has already discussed.

main points

Most important ideas you address in your speech.

organization

Systematic arrangement of ideas into a coherent whole.

preparation outline

Detailed outline a speaker builds when preparing a speech that includes the title, specific purpose, thesis statement, introduction, main points and subpoints, connectives, conclusion, and source citations of the speech.

problem–solution pattern

Pattern of organization that identifies a specific problem and offers a possible solution.

signpost

Simple word or statement that indicates where you are in your speech or highlights an important idea.

spatial pattern

Pattern of organization that arranges ideas in terms of location or direction.

speaking outline

Condensed form of a preparation outline that you use when speaking.

subordination

Process of ranking ideas in order from the most to the least important.

subpoint

Point in a speech that develops an aspect of a main point.

sub-subpoint

Point in a speech that develops an aspect of a subpoint.

topical pattern

Pattern of organization that allows the speaker to divide a topic into subtopics, each of which addresses a different aspect of the larger topic.

transition

Phrase that indicates a speaker is finished with one idea and is moving on to a new one.

preview

Brief overview in the introduction of a speech of each of the main points in the speech.