physics concept

Electromagnetism

Electricity and magnets working together.

Electromagnetic Waves

Waves that carry energy, like radio waves, light, and X-rays.

Fluid Dynamics

How liquids and gases move.

Newton’s First Law of Motion

(Inertia)An object stays still or keeps moving unless a force changes it.

Newton’s Third Law of Motion

Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

Heat Transfer

Heat moves from hot objects to cold ones.

Conduction

Heat moves through direct contact.

Convection

Heat moves through moving liquids or gases.

Radiation

Heat travels as waves without touching anything.

Phase Change

Matter changes between solid, liquid, and gas.

Pressure–Temperature Relationship

Changing temperature changes pressure.

Thermodynamics

The study of heat and energy.

First Law of Thermodynamics

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed.

Molecular Motion

Tiny particles are always moving.

Heat Distribution

How heat spreads through a material.

Centrifugal Force

The outward feeling when something spins.

Water Flow

How water moves from one place to another.

Compression and Expansion

Squeezing or spreading out a gas.

Air Pressure

The force of air pushing on objects.

Electric Motor

Changes electrical energy into motion.

Electrical Resistance

A material’s opposition to electric current.

Thermal Expansion

Materials expand when heated.

Rotational Motion

Motion around a center or axis.

Kinetic Energy

The energy of moving objects.

Energy Conversion

Changing one form of energy into another.

Momentum

The amount of motion an object has.

Quantum Mechanics

The study of how tiny particles, like atoms, behave.

Gravity

The force that pulls objects toward Earth.

Counterweights

Weights used to balance or lift heavy objects.

Torque

A turning or twisting force.

Friction

A force that resists motion between surfaces.

Energy Dissipation

Energy spreading out, usually as heat.

Force

A push or pull on an object.

Work

Using force to move an object.

Power

How fast work is done.

Traction

The grip between surfaces.

Photovoltaic Effect

Sunlight is changed into electricity.

Electrical Circuits

A complete path for electricity to flow.

Pulley System

Wheels and ropes that make lifting easier.

Tension

The pulling force in a rope, cable, or string.