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Agriculture
The cultivation of plants and the rearing of animals for food, fiber, and other products.
Domestication
The process of adapting wild animals or plants for human use.
Animal Welfare
Focuses on the humane treatment and care of animals.
Animal Rights
Argues that animals have inherent rights and should not be used for human purposes.
Gonads
The reproductive organs that produce gametes; testes in males and ovaries in females.
Ruminants
Animals with a four-chambered stomach, such as cattle, sheep, and goats.
Non-ruminants
Animals with a single-chambered stomach, such as pigs and horses.
Proximate Analysis
A method to determine feed composition including moisture, protein, fat, fiber, and ash content.
Dry Matter
Feed without moisture.
As-Fed
Feed including moisture.
Estrus
The heat or receptive phase in females.
Copulation
The act of mating.
Gestation
The period of pregnancy.
Ovulation
The release of an egg from the ovary.
Parturition
The process of giving birth.
Artificial Insemination
Introduction of sperm into the female reproductive tract to improve breeding efficiency.
Zoonotic Diseases
Diseases transmissible from animals to humans.
Babesiosis
A disease caused by protozoa transmitted through tick bites.
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)
A prion disease known as 'Mad Cow Disease'.
Trichomoniasis
A disease caused by the protozoan Tritrichomonas foetus affecting cattle.
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)
A viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals characterized by blisters.
Kinesis
Random movement in response to stimuli.
Taxis
Directed movement toward or away from stimuli.
Habituation
The process of ignoring repetitive stimuli.
Imprinting
The early-life bonding or learning process.
Social Learning
Learning through observation of others.
Associative Learning
Linking stimuli with outcomes.
Altruistic Behaviors
Behaviors that enhance the survival of related individuals.
Anthrax
An infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, often fatal to livestock.
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP)
A bacterial infection affecting cattle, characterized by respiratory distress.
Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD)
A viral disease causing diarrhea, respiratory issues, and reproductive problems in cattle.
Leptospirosis
A bacterial disease resulting in flu-like symptoms, transmitted through contaminated water.
Plague
An infectious disease caused by Yersinia pestis, transmitted by fleas from rodents.
Lime Disease
A tick-borne illness caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, characterized by a bullseye rash.
Toxoplasmosis
An infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, often spread through cat feces.
Trichinosis
An infection caused by eating undercooked pork containing Trichinella larvae.
Taeniasis
An intestinal infection by tapeworms from undercooked meat.
Botulism
A rare but serious illness caused by a toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum.
Crytposporidiosis
A waterborne disease causing severe diarrhea, caused by Cryptosporidium species.
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
A progressive neurological disorder of cattle, also known as Mad Cow Disease.
Imprinting
An early-life learning process where young animals attach to or learn from their parents.
Zoonotic Potential
The ability of a disease to be transmitted from animals to humans.
Biosecurity Measures
Practices implemented to prevent the spread of disease in livestock.
Species-Specific Nutritional Needs
Tailored dietary requirements based on the physiology of different animal species.
Artificial Insemination
A reproductive technology to enhance breeding efficiency.
Superovulation
A process used to increase the number of eggs produced during ovulation.
IVF and Embryo Transfer
Assisted reproductive technologies used to enhance breeding and genetics.
