Animal Science Final (copy)

Agriculture

The cultivation of plants and the rearing of animals for food, fiber, and other products.

Domestication

The process of adapting wild animals or plants for human use.

Animal Welfare

Focuses on the humane treatment and care of animals.

Animal Rights

Argues that animals have inherent rights and should not be used for human purposes.

Gonads

The reproductive organs that produce gametes; testes in males and ovaries in females.

Ruminants

Animals with a four-chambered stomach, such as cattle, sheep, and goats.

Non-ruminants

Animals with a single-chambered stomach, such as pigs and horses.

Proximate Analysis

A method to determine feed composition including moisture, protein, fat, fiber, and ash content.

Dry Matter

Feed without moisture.

As-Fed

Feed including moisture.

Estrus

The heat or receptive phase in females.

Copulation

The act of mating.

Gestation

The period of pregnancy.

Ovulation

The release of an egg from the ovary.

Parturition

The process of giving birth.

Artificial Insemination

Introduction of sperm into the female reproductive tract to improve breeding efficiency.

Zoonotic Diseases

Diseases transmissible from animals to humans.

Babesiosis

A disease caused by protozoa transmitted through tick bites.

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)

A prion disease known as 'Mad Cow Disease'.

Trichomoniasis

A disease caused by the protozoan Tritrichomonas foetus affecting cattle.

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)

A viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals characterized by blisters.

Kinesis

Random movement in response to stimuli.

Taxis

Directed movement toward or away from stimuli.

Habituation

The process of ignoring repetitive stimuli.

Imprinting

The early-life bonding or learning process.

Social Learning

Learning through observation of others.

Associative Learning

Linking stimuli with outcomes.

Altruistic Behaviors

Behaviors that enhance the survival of related individuals.

Anthrax

An infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, often fatal to livestock.

Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP)

A bacterial infection affecting cattle, characterized by respiratory distress.

Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD)

A viral disease causing diarrhea, respiratory issues, and reproductive problems in cattle.

Leptospirosis

A bacterial disease resulting in flu-like symptoms, transmitted through contaminated water.

Plague

An infectious disease caused by Yersinia pestis, transmitted by fleas from rodents.

Lime Disease

A tick-borne illness caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, characterized by a bullseye rash.

Toxoplasmosis

An infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, often spread through cat feces.

Trichinosis

An infection caused by eating undercooked pork containing Trichinella larvae.

Taeniasis

An intestinal infection by tapeworms from undercooked meat.

Botulism

A rare but serious illness caused by a toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum.

Crytposporidiosis

A waterborne disease causing severe diarrhea, caused by Cryptosporidium species.

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

A progressive neurological disorder of cattle, also known as Mad Cow Disease.

Imprinting

An early-life learning process where young animals attach to or learn from their parents.

Zoonotic Potential

The ability of a disease to be transmitted from animals to humans.

Biosecurity Measures

Practices implemented to prevent the spread of disease in livestock.

Species-Specific Nutritional Needs

Tailored dietary requirements based on the physiology of different animal species.

Artificial Insemination

A reproductive technology to enhance breeding efficiency.

Superovulation

A process used to increase the number of eggs produced during ovulation.

IVF and Embryo Transfer

Assisted reproductive technologies used to enhance breeding and genetics.