Aqueous Solutions

These flashcards cover key concepts related to aqueous solutions, including definitions, properties, and important rules concerning solubility and concentration.

What are solutions composed of?

Solutions are made up of two parts: a solute (the dissolved substance) and a solvent (the substance the solute dissolves in).

What is the rule of thumb for solubility?

The chemist’s rule of thumb is "like dissolves like," meaning a chemical will dissolve in a solvent if it has a similar structure.

Define solvation.

Solvation is the process where solvent molecules surround solute particles due to the solvent’s attractions for the solute.

What is solubility?

Solubility is the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature.

What is a saturated solution?

A saturated solution has the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in that solvent at that temperature.

How does temperature affect the solubility of solids and gases?

Higher temperature increases the solubility of solids in liquids, while lower temperature increases the solubility of gases in liquids.

What does the dilution formula M1V1 = M2V2 represent?

It relates the initial concentration and volume of a solution to the final concentration and volume after dilution.

What are colligative properties?

Colligative properties depend only on the number of dissolved solute particles, not on their identity, affecting freezing point, boiling point, and osmotic pressure.

What happens to a red blood cell in a hypotonic solution?

In a hypotonic solution, water flows into the red blood cell, causing it to burst (hemolysis).

What is molality?

Molality is the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.