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Mamluk Sultanate
________: a breakaway state that was founded by elite soldiers who served the Abbasids.
Noble Class Aristocracy
________: evolved from people who got the largest pieces of land in feudalism.
Dar al Harb
________: one of two spheres in the Islamic world where Islam was not established.
Chivalry
________: was supposed to make sure that knights acted as virtuous Christian warriors by treating the lower classes and women with delicacy and respect.
Magna Carta
________: allowed for nobility to get various rights and ensured monarchy was not above the law.
Saladin
________: skilled Kurdish general who held back the Third Crusade and recaptured Jerusalem.
Tributary System
________: how nearby states to China avoided being captured by allowing China to dictate policy.
Devshirme
________: also known as the blood tax which forcibly recruited boys from non- Muslim families and placed them in positions of privileged servitude.
Black Death
________: came from China and was a bubonic plague epidemic.
Reconquista
________: a series of campaigns by Christian states to recapture territory from the Moors or Muslims.
Fall of Constantinople
________: occurred in 1453 due to gunpowder weaponry by the Ottomans.
Jizya
________: the nonbelievers tax that occurred in Muslim- ruled areas.
1337 1453
Hundred Years War: occurred during ________ between France and England over French territory, in which France won.
Sati
________: a ritual where women of certain castes were burned alive after their husbands died.
Aztecs
________: ruled much of Mexico and had a huge population, they practiced human sacrifice and pyramid building.
Mongols
________: captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed the last Abbasid caliph.
Serfs
________: peasants who were not technically slaves but were tied to a feudal lords land without the right to change profession or residence without permission.
Constantinople
________: capital of Byzantium and was home to around 1 million people.
Neo Confucianism
________: the idea that commoners owed obedience to their superiors who in turn owed them just treatment.
Renaissance
________: occurred in 1200s- 1300s and started in Florence, Italy.
Mansa Musa
________: Malis most powerful ruler who was a devout Muslim.
Parliament
________: which made laws in conjunction with the king and gradually became more representative.
Ottoman
________ Turks: Middle Eastern dominant power that arouse during the 1300s.
Quipu
________: a knot- tying system of writing.
Eastern Orthodoxy
________: a religion that is a part of the Christian branch.
Roman Law
________: especially the Justinian code, compiled in Byzantium during the 500s remained a keystone in Western legal thought.
Cultural spheres
________: defined less by political boundaries and more by ethnic similarities, shared traditions, or government by larger imperial power.
Grand Canal
________: a vital artery that connected the Yellow and Yangzi rivers.
Caliph
________: combined political and religious power to one person who governed the Muslim world.
Pueblos
________: complex dwellings where people lived.
Pax Mongolica
________: a brief period of semi- unification in Eurasia.
Habsburg Family
________: gained permanent control over the imperial throne of the Holy Roman Empire in 1438.
Maya
________: Mexican classical period was full of city- states and kingdoms, they created the concept of zero and the long- count calendar.
Civil Service Exams
________: how Song China would choose scholar- officials.
Feudalism
________: system in which monarchs awarded land to loyal followers, or vassals, and in return vassals guaranteed that the land would be governed and protected.
Daimyo
________: Japanese noble warlords who worked with the shogun.
Joan of Arc
________: warrior maid who helped France win the Hundred Years War.
Song Empire
________: one of the longest dynasties, 960- 1279.
Marco Polo
________: a European merchant who traveled from Venice to Asia on the Silk Road.
Ghana
________: important in trans- Sharan trade due to large deposits of gold.
Knights
________: elite armored cavalry, a style of combat that required wealth and lifelong training.
Pre Columbian Era
________: years before 1492 in the Americas.
Christianity
________ was legalized and adopted by Rome in the 300s and became a cultural, intellectual, and political force because it provided unity in unstable times.
Genghis Khan
________: founder of the Mongol empire.
Excommunication
________: kicked out of the Church.
Sunni Shiite Split
________: occurred after the Islam civil war.
Heresy
________: belief or opinion that contradicts the church or a religion.
Bushido
________: samurai code of loyalty and honor.
Zheng He
________: expanded trade and learned about the outside world.
Nations-states
countries as formally defined political entities, in the modern sense of the world
Cultural spheres
defined less by political boundaries and more by ethnic similarities, shared traditions, or government by larger imperial power
Roman Law
especially the Justinian code, compiled in Byzantium during the 500s remained a keystone in Western legal thought
Black Death
bubonic plague epidemic from 1346-1353 which made Europe lose 20-30% of its population
Feudalism
system in which monarchs awarded land to loyal followers, or vassals, and in return vassals guaranteed that the land would be governed and protected
Noble Class/Aristocracy
evolved from people who got the largest pieces of land in feudalism
Knights
elite armored cavalry, a style of combat that required wealth and lifelong training
Chivalry
was supposed to make sure that knights acted as virtuous Christian warriors by treating the lower classes and women with delicacy and respect
Manorial System
political, economic, and social system by which the peasants of medieval Europe were rendered dependent on their land and on their lord
Serfs
peasants who were not technically slaves but were tied to a feudal lords land without the right to change profession or residence without permission
Catholic Papacy
they had lots of political power during the Middle Ages
Magna Carta
allowed for nobility to get various rights and ensured monarchy was not above the law
Parliament
which made laws in conjunction with the king and gradually became more representative
Common Law
system in England that allowed for jury trials and observing basic public liberties
Hundred Years War
occurred during 1337-1453 between France and England over French territory, in which France won
Joan of Arc
warrior maid who helped France win the Hundred Years War
Habsburg Family
gained permanent control over the imperial throne of the Holy Roman Empire in 1438
City-states
an independent sovereign city that serves as the center of political, economic, and cultural life over its contiguous territory
Renaissance
occurred in 1200s-1300s and started in Florence, Italy
Reconquista
a series of campaigns by Christian states to recapture territory from the Moors or Muslims
Byzantium
also known as the Eastern Roman Empire and it was the strongest and most advanced state in medical Europe
Constantinople
capital of Byzantium and was home to around 1 million people
Eastern Orthodoxy
a religion that is a part of the Christian branch
Captured Constantinople
in 1453 by Ottoman Turks due to gunpowder weaponry
Caesaropapism
a political system in which the head of the state is also the head of the church and supreme judge in religious matters
Ideal of Christendom
the concept of Europe as a single civilization, joined by a common allegiance to the Christian church
Heresy
belief or opinion that contradicts the church or a religion
Excommunication
kicked out of the Church
Holy Inquisition
a set of special courts that punished nonconformity
Crusades
holy wars
First Crusade
occurred from 1096-1099 and was against the Byzantine requests for aid against the Seljuk Turks who wanted to capture Jerusalem
Saladin
skilled Kurdish general who held back the Third Crusade and recaptured Jerusalem
Fourth Crusade
occurred during 1202-1204 and turned into a war against Christian Constantinople
Islam
a religion that originated in the Middle East and played a heavy political and social role in daily life
Dar al-Islam
one of the two spheres in the Islamic world where Sharia Law was dominant
Sharia Law
allowed Muslims to worship freely
Dar al-Harb
one of two spheres in the Islamic world where Islam was not established
Caliph
combined political and religious power to one person who governed the Muslim world
Circle of Justice
predated the rise of Islam but guided the caliphates and the Ottoman Empire that followed them
Sunni-Shiite Split
occurred after the Islam civil war
Arabic
the official language of the Muslim world
Abbasid Caliphate
occurred during 750-1258 and presided over the golden age of Islamic culture and built many centers of learning
Baghdad
capital of Abbasid Caliphate
Madrasas
centers of learning
Mongols
captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed the last Abbasid caliph
Mamluk
elite cavalry
Black Death
came from China and was a bubonic plague epidemic
Ottoman Turks
Middle Eastern dominant power that arouse during the 1300s
Devshirme
also known as the blood tax which forcibly recruited boys from non-Muslim families and placed them in positions of privileged servitude
Janissary
a member of an elite corps in the standing army of the Ottoman Empir
Fall of Constantinople
occurred in 1453 due to gunpowder weaponry by the Ottomans
Note 
Flashcard (90)