Auscultation
listening for sounds of the body
what type of mixture would represent an emulsion
oil suspended in water
a base absorbs
hydrogen ions
the term for the energy storing, synthetic reactions in the human body
catabolism
a chemical reaction that results in the release of electrons and energy
oxidation
this is an example of a monosaccharide
fructose
this is an example of a polysaccharide
starch
triglycerides are synthesized from
3-carbon alcohol and 3 fatty acids
phospholipids are
amphipathic
the chemical reaction whereby a disaccharide is formed from two monosaccharides
dehydration synthesis
the nucleotide containing the sugar deoxiribose, the nitrogen base adenine, and 3 phosphate groups
ATP
primary, secondary, and tertiary structure characterizes
proteins
series of organization in the human body from smallest to largest
molecule, cell, tissue, organ
in a well-designed experiment, range of variation is accounted for by
sample size
5 proteins that are associated with a cell’s membrane
transport proteins, gobular proteins, glycoproteins, enzymes, and identity markers
5 things that affect the rate of diffusion
temperature, permeability, concentration, surface area, particular size
the process of which RNA undergoes to manufacture a polypeptide
translation
a segment of gene that is also a non-coding gene is transcribed into RNA but not translated into polypeptide
intron
theory that states DNA is replicated then transcribed into RNA then translated into protein.
central dogma of molecular biology
refers to a type of trait that involves two or more genetic loci
polygenic
site of a gene on a chromosome
locus
non-sex chromosome
autosome
fusion of sex cells to form a zygote
syngamy
the genetic makeup of a population
gene pool
embryonic germ layer that gives rise to the muscles and skeleton
mesoderm
characterized by cells loosely scattered within a matrix
connective tissue
surface tissue characterized by tall cells
columnar epithelium
what is not classified as connective tissue
skeletal muscle
what does epithelial tissue have
basement membrane
mature bone cells
osteocytes
the word lacuna means
chamber
adipose tissue is a type of
connective tissue
muscle tissue thats small, uninucleate, unstriated cells
smooth muscle
muscle that is under voluntary control
skeletal muscle
adjacent cells within a tissue that are held together by protein “threads” through protein plaques
desmosomes
an endocrine gland is
ductless
the growth of a tumor
neoplasia
what are cornified cells filled with?
keratin
bone killing cells
osteoclasts
the toughest fibers found in connective tissue
collagenous
most abundant cells in skin epidermis
keratinocytes
the class of nitrogenous bases characterized by a single ring
pryrimidines
a specific nitrogenous base that has a single ring
adenine
the class of nitrogenous bases characterized by a double ring
purines
a specific nitrogenous base that has a double ring
cytosine
name of the enzyme that builds the nucleotide polymer during DNA replication
DNA polymerase
name of enzyme that builds the nucleotide polymer during RNA transcription
RNA polymerase
name of nitrogenous base found in RNA but not DNA
uracil
the cellular organelle responsible for posttranslational modification
golgi body
the base triplet on a messenger RNA that codes for a specific amino acid during protein synthesis
codon
name of enzyme that unwinds during DNA replication
DNA helicase
layers of skin from top to bottom
stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale, dermis
formation of spindle
prophase
migration of independent chromatids toward
formation of nuclear membrane around separated chromatids
telophase
replication of DNA
interphase
a channel that allows for the passage of blood or lymph
sinus
tissue of bone marrow
myeliod tissue
the difference between membrane bone and endochondrial bone is that endochondrial bone
forms first as a cartilaginous model that is later replaced by bone
an example of an endochondral bone would be the
femur
the formation of the diaphysis involves the destruction of cartilage by
chondroclasts
nutreients reach individual osteocytes via
diffusion through the canaliculi
the epiphyseal plate of a long bone is the point of
fusion between the diaphysis and epiphysis
bone marrow occurs in the
medullary cavities of long bones
sesamoid bones are those that develop within
tendons
air is warmed in the nasal cavitiy as it moves over extensive capillary networks that cover thin bones called
nasal chonchae
the atlas and axis are specialized
cervical vertebrae
the pectoral portion of the appendicular skeleton doesnt include the
pes
another name for a fibrous joint
synarthrosis
another name for diarthrosis
synovial joint
example of a sesamoid bone
patella
limbs and limb girdles make up the
appendicular skeleton
the altas is part of the
axial skeleton
ethmoid is part of the
axial skeleton
bones of the tarsus is part of the
appendicular skeleton
bones of the antebrachium is part of the
appendicular skeleton
floating ribs is part of the
axial skeleton
bones of the crural region
appendicular skeleton
bones of metacarpus is part of
appendicular skeleton
spheniod is part of the
axial skeleton
bones of the carpus
appendicular skeleton
phalanges
appendicular skeleton
example of ball-and-socket joint
hip joint
example of hinge joint
knee joint
example of condylar joint
wrist joint
prophase
formation of spindle
opposite working group from the primary worker, the agonist
antagonist
origin
stationary point of attachment
type/shaped muscle that looks like a cigar, has a fat middle body
fusiform muscle
organized as striated, multinucleate cells
skeletal muscle
capable of both polarization and secretion
neuron
characterized by a single nucleus within a body containing long, thin processes
neuron
some types form myelin sheaths
glial cell
cellular units formed from the fusion of embryonic cells
skeleltal, smooth, and cardiac muscle, neuron, and glial cell
universal properties of neurons
secretion transmit signals and has a charge/polarized
what are 3 functions of muscles
regulation of temperature/heat, movement, stability
3 universal characteristics of muscle
contractility, excitability, extensibility
skeletal muscle fibers are arranged as bundles called
fascicles