A&P Final review

Auscultation

listening for sounds of the body

what type of mixture would represent an emulsion

oil suspended in water

a base absorbs

hydrogen ions

the term for the energy storing, synthetic reactions in the human body

catabolism

a chemical reaction that results in the release of electrons and energy

oxidation

this is an example of a monosaccharide

fructose

this is an example of a polysaccharide

starch

triglycerides are synthesized from

3-carbon alcohol and 3 fatty acids

phospholipids are

amphipathic

the chemical reaction whereby a disaccharide is formed from two monosaccharides

dehydration synthesis

the nucleotide containing the sugar deoxiribose, the nitrogen base adenine, and 3 phosphate groups

ATP

primary, secondary, and tertiary structure characterizes

proteins

series of organization in the human body from smallest to largest

molecule, cell, tissue, organ

in a well-designed experiment, range of variation is accounted for by

sample size

5 proteins that are associated with a cell’s membrane

transport proteins, gobular proteins, glycoproteins, enzymes, and identity markers

5 things that affect the rate of diffusion

temperature, permeability, concentration, surface area, particular size

the process of which RNA undergoes to manufacture a polypeptide

translation

a segment of gene that is also a non-coding gene is transcribed into RNA but not translated into polypeptide

intron

theory that states DNA is replicated then transcribed into RNA then translated into protein.

central dogma of molecular biology

refers to a type of trait that involves two or more genetic loci

polygenic

site of a gene on a chromosome

locus

non-sex chromosome

autosome

fusion of sex cells to form a zygote

syngamy

the genetic makeup of a population

gene pool

embryonic germ layer that gives rise to the muscles and skeleton

mesoderm

characterized by cells loosely scattered within a matrix

connective tissue

surface tissue characterized by tall cells

columnar epithelium

what is not classified as connective tissue

skeletal muscle

what does epithelial tissue have

basement membrane

mature bone cells

osteocytes

the word lacuna means

chamber

adipose tissue is a type of

connective tissue

muscle tissue thats small, uninucleate, unstriated cells

smooth muscle

muscle that is under voluntary control

skeletal muscle

adjacent cells within a tissue that are held together by protein “threads” through protein plaques

desmosomes

an endocrine gland is

ductless

the growth of a tumor

neoplasia

what are cornified cells filled with?

keratin

bone killing cells

osteoclasts

the toughest fibers found in connective tissue

collagenous

most abundant cells in skin epidermis

keratinocytes

the class of nitrogenous bases characterized by a single ring

pryrimidines

a specific nitrogenous base that has a single ring

adenine

the class of nitrogenous bases characterized by a double ring

purines

a specific nitrogenous base that has a double ring

cytosine

name of the enzyme that builds the nucleotide polymer during DNA replication

DNA polymerase

name of enzyme that builds the nucleotide polymer during RNA transcription

RNA polymerase

name of nitrogenous base found in RNA but not DNA

uracil

the cellular organelle responsible for posttranslational modification

golgi body

the base triplet on a messenger RNA that codes for a specific amino acid during protein synthesis

codon

name of enzyme that unwinds during DNA replication

DNA helicase

layers of skin from top to bottom

stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale, dermis

formation of spindle

prophase

migration of independent chromatids toward

formation of nuclear membrane around separated chromatids

telophase

replication of DNA

interphase

a channel that allows for the passage of blood or lymph

sinus

tissue of bone marrow

myeliod tissue

the difference between membrane bone and endochondrial bone is that endochondrial bone

forms first as a cartilaginous model that is later replaced by bone

an example of an endochondral bone would be the

femur

the formation of the diaphysis involves the destruction of cartilage by

chondroclasts

nutreients reach individual osteocytes via

diffusion through the canaliculi

the epiphyseal plate of a long bone is the point of

fusion between the diaphysis and epiphysis

bone marrow occurs in the

medullary cavities of long bones

sesamoid bones are those that develop within

tendons

air is warmed in the nasal cavitiy as it moves over extensive capillary networks that cover thin bones called

nasal chonchae

the atlas and axis are specialized

cervical vertebrae

the pectoral portion of the appendicular skeleton doesnt include the

pes

another name for a fibrous joint

synarthrosis

another name for diarthrosis

synovial joint

example of a sesamoid bone

patella

limbs and limb girdles make up the

appendicular skeleton

the altas is part of the

axial skeleton

ethmoid is part of the

axial skeleton

bones of the tarsus is part of the

appendicular skeleton

bones of the antebrachium is part of the

appendicular skeleton

floating ribs is part of the

axial skeleton

bones of the crural region

appendicular skeleton

bones of metacarpus is part of

appendicular skeleton

spheniod is part of the

axial skeleton

bones of the carpus

appendicular skeleton

phalanges

appendicular skeleton

example of ball-and-socket joint

hip joint

example of hinge joint

knee joint

example of condylar joint

wrist joint

prophase

formation of spindle

opposite working group from the primary worker, the agonist

antagonist

origin

stationary point of attachment

type/shaped muscle that looks like a cigar, has a fat middle body

fusiform muscle

organized as striated, multinucleate cells

skeletal muscle

capable of both polarization and secretion

neuron

characterized by a single nucleus within a body containing long, thin processes

neuron

some types form myelin sheaths

glial cell

cellular units formed from the fusion of embryonic cells

skeleltal, smooth, and cardiac muscle, neuron, and glial cell

universal properties of neurons

secretion transmit signals and has a charge/polarized

what are 3 functions of muscles

regulation of temperature/heat, movement, stability

3 universal characteristics of muscle

contractility, excitability, extensibility

skeletal muscle fibers are arranged as bundles called

fascicles