Ecology Final Exam

Microparasite

type of parasite that is small in size, short generation time, develop and multiply rapdily within the host

associated with the term disease

ex: Viruses, bacteria, protists

macroparasites

type of parasite that is larger in size, long generation time

and usually does not compelete life cycle within a single host

transmitted direclty from host to host or through carrier or intermdiate hosts

hemiparasites

photosynthetic plants that obtain water and nutrients from host xylem

uses a haustorium

holoparasites

nonphotosyntheic plants that function as hetertrophs, using host’s phloem and xylem to supply carbon, water, nutrients

haustorium

modified root that penerates the host tissues and connects to the vascular tissue

definitive host

host in which a parasite becomes an adult (sexual maturity)

intermediate host

host during a stage in the parasite’s life cycle

trees and mycorhizzal fungi

example of parasitism tthtat has been selected to increase host fintess into mutualism

Specialist mutualists

one to one species specific association

generalist mutualists

organsims associated with a diveristy of partners of differernet species

lichens

fungi: protects the algae from harmful light intensity, provides water and nutirents for both organism, produce a substance that speeds up photosynthesis. provides water and nutrietns for both organisms

algae/cyanobacteria: provides sugar for fungi

Endomycorrhizae

funal mycelia form an arbuscule

penentrating

70% of all plants

ectomycorrhizaze

mycelica between root cells and cover the outside of the roort

10% of plant families

carrying capacity

the presence of the mutualist increases the _______ for the other species

NPP

GPP-R