Ecology Vocabulary Review

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Flashcards covering key vocabulary terms related to ecology, ecosystems, and environmental science.

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39 Terms

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Hydrosphere

All water on Earth.

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Lithosphere

Solid Earth.

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Atmosphere

Gases that surround Earth.

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Biosphere

All life on Earth.

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Ecology

The study of how all living things interact with each other and their environment.

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Ecosystem

A community of living things and their nonliving surroundings that work together.

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Sustainability

Using natural resources in a way that meets our needs without harming the environment.

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Organism

One single living thing.

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Population

Multiple organisms of the same species.

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Community

Multiple organisms of different species.

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Biotic

Living.

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Abiotic

Nonliving.

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Photosynthesis

When plants make food or glucose using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.

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Cellular Respiration

When cells break down food to release energy.

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Food Chain

Shows how energy flows from one living thing to another through eating.

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Niche

The role or job of an organism in its environment, including what it eats and where it lives.

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Herbivore

Only eats plants.

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Carnivore

Only eats animals.

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Omnivore

Eats both plants and animals.

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Scavenger

Only eats dead or rotting meat.

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Decomposer

Breaks down plants and animals into nutrients.

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Trophic Level

A level in the food chain that shows how energy is passed through organisms.

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Food Web

Shows all interconnections between all organisms.

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Limiting Factor

Something that controls how big a population can grow.

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Carrying Capacity

The max amount of organisms the environment can support.

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Succession

The natural process of change in ecosystems when a group of species is replaced over time.

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Equilibrium

Balance. When an ecosystem is stable and everything is working together without major changes.

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Climax Community

The final stage of succession where the ecosystems have reached balance and won't change unless disturbed.

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Primary Succession

When there is no preexisting soil or life and then forest starts to form.

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Secondary Succession

When the place had life but got disturbed after a disaster.

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Pioneer Species

The first species to grow in a bare area like lichens.

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Biodiversity

A variety of living things in an area.

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Habitat Loss

When animals lose their habitat or home.

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Fragmentation

When a large habitat is broken into pieces by roads, for example.

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Pest

An unwanted organism that damages crops or spread disease.

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Pesticide

A chemical used to kill pests.

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Bioaccumulation

The buildup of harmful chemicals in one organism.

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Bioamplification

When harmful chemicals increase in concentration as they move up the food chain.

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Overexploitation

When humans use natural resources faster than they can be replaced, for example, overfishing.