cells (week2......)

Cell membrane

Double layer of phospholipids and cholesterol molecules that control what exists in cells

Cytoplasm

Thick fluid within the cell membrane where cell contents are suspended

Nuclear membrane

Double membrane containing holes called nuclear pores allowing large molecules to pass out of nucleus

Endoplasmic reticulum

pairs of parallel membranes connected to the nuclear membrane. If they have ribosomes attached, they’re called “rough er”

Location of chemical reactions and production of important substance

Mitochondria

spherical or bean shaped structures

reactions that occur on its inner membrane makes energy for the cell from food

Centriole

Small cylindrical structures (often right angles)

They are necessary for mitosis (cell division)

Nucleus

large spherical organelle (usually in the center)

contains genetic instructions important for controlling cell activities

Flagella

long whiplike structure

allowing sperm cells to swim towards ovum

Cilia

Short and numerous projections from the cell surface

Moves to move mucus and particles out of respirator train.

Cytoskeleton

Consists of a network of microtubules and microfilaments

assists in movement of materials, organelles or whole cell

Inclusions

no part of the cell structure- found in cytoplasm

e.g. hemoglobin in red blood cells, pigment in cells of the skin hair and eyes

Golgi apparatus

Flattened, membranous bags stacked on top of each other

They modify proteins and package them in vesicles for secretion from the cell

Ribosomes

Small spheres containing enzymes

allowing them to break down proteins lipids nucleic acids and some carbohydrates

Materials that pass from the tissue (extracellular) fluid into the cell

Oxygen, Glucose, Water, Iron, Sodium

List waste materials and useful products that pass from eh cytoplasm into the tissue fluid

carbon dioxide, nitrogen wastes (urea, uric acid, creatinine)

describe the fluid mosaic model for the cell membrane

Proteins in the membrane are constantly moving

mosaic- random arrangement of proteins

Phosphilipid

a lipid molecule that contains a phosphate group

Bilayer

Two layers that make up a single membrane

hydrophobic

Hydrophilic

#water lover

#waterSTAN

#liveLaughLoveWater

e.g. phosphate head

Hydrophobic

#WaterHating

#roxanne

#ava-unless its spakeling

#kim unless its gensis care

e.g. lipid

what is the role of channel proteins?

A protein that allows substances to enter and leave the cell- remains open

hint: coffee bean thing

what are the 4 types of proteins that can be found embedded in the cell membrane

channel, carrier, cell-identity, cholesterol

why is the cell membrane sometimes described as “differentially permeable”

the membrane controls what substances can cross in or out of the cytoplasm

the 3 processes used to transport substances across the cell membrane are…

diffusion/osmosis

carrier-mediated transport

vesicular transport