Head and Neck Anatomy Flashcards

Flashcards covering the anatomy of the head and neck region, including bones, muscles, nerves, and landmarks.

How many layers are there of the scalp?

5

Name the layers of the scalp.

Skin, Connective tissue, Aponeurosis, Loose areolar tissue, Periosteum

What is the function of the Aponeurosis?

Connects two muscles

What is another name for the 'Loose areolar tissue area'?

Dangerous Layer

What is the function of the Periosteum?

Innermost layer of the scalp, Outermost layer of the skull

How many bones are in the skull?

22

List the Cranial Bones.

Parietal, Temporal, Frontal, Occipital, Ethmoid, Sphenoid

List the Facial Bones.

Nasal, Inferior Nasal Conchae, Lacrimal, Palatine, Zygomatic, Vomer, Mandible, Maxillae

Where is the Frontal Bone located?

Forehead

Where is the Coronal/Frontal Suture located?

Between frontal and parietal bones

Where is the Parietal Bone located?

Sides and top of the cranium

Where is the Sagittal Suture located?

Between parietal bones

Where is the Parietal Foramen located?

Small opening in parietal bone

Where is the Lamboid Suture located?

Between parietal and occipital bones

Where is the Occipital Bone located?

Back of the head

When does the Anterior Fontanelle close?

18-24 months

What is another name for the Anterior Fontanelle?

Bregma

When does the Posterior Fontanelle close?

2 months

What is another name for the Posterior Fontanelle?

Lambda

What is the Nasion?

Midpoint between the eyes just below the brow

What are the Nasolabial folds?

Smile lines

What is the Philtrum?

Vertical groove between the nose and upper lip

What is the Pterion?

Junction of frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones

What lies beneath the Pterion?

Middle meningeal artery

What is the Inion?

External occipital protuberance

What is an alternate name for the Inion?

Bump of Knowledge

What is the Glabella?

Smooth area between the eyebrows

What is the function of the Occipitofrontalis?

Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead

What is the function of the Corrugator Supercilii?

Draws eyebrows medially and downward

What is the function of the Procerus?

Wrinkles nose

What is the function of the Zygomaticus Major?

Elevates corner of mouth

What is the function of the Zygomaticus Minor?

Elevates upper lip

What is the action of the Risorius?

Grimace and Fake smile

What is the function of the Orbicularis Oris?

Closes and protrudes lips

What is the function of the Buccinator?

Compresses cheek

What is the function of the Levator Anguli Oris?

Elevates angle of mouth

What is the function of the Mentalis?

Elevates and protrudes lower lip

What is the function of the Platysma?

Tenses skin of neck

What is the function of the Levator Palpebrae Superioris?

Elevates upper eyelid

What nerve innervates the Levator Palpebrae Superioris?

CN III

What is the function of the Muelle's Muscle/Superior Tarsal Muscle?

Elevates upper eyelid

What type of nerves innervate the Muelle's Muscle/Superior Tarsal Muscle?

Sympathetic

What is the function of the Orbicularis Oculi?

Closes eyelids

What nerve innervates the Orbicularis Oculi?

CN VII

What is the function of the Superior Rectus?

Upward and Outward of the eye

What is the function of the Inferior Rectus?

Downward and Outward

What is the function of the Lateral Rectus?

Abducts eye

What is the function of the Medial Rectus?

Adducts eye

What is the function of the Superior Oblique?

Depresses and abducts eye

What is the function of the Inferior Oblique?

Downward and Inward of the eye

What nerve exits from the Cribiform plate?

Olfactory nerve (CN I)

What nerve exits from the Optic Canal?

Optic nerve (CN II)

What nerves exit from the Superior Orbital Fissure?

Oculomotor nerve (CN III), Trochlear nerve (CN IV), Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1), Abducens nerve (CN VI)

What nerve exits from the Foramen Rotundum?

Maxillary nerve (CN V2)

What nerve exits from the Foramen Ovale?

Mandibular nerve (CN V3)

What nerve exits from the Internal Auditory Meatus?

Facial nerve (CN VII), Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

What nerves exit from the Jugular Foramen?

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), Vagus nerve (CN X), Accessory nerve (CN XI)

What erve exits from the Hypoglossal Canal?

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

What exits from the Foramen Lacerum?

Internal Carotid Artery

What exits from the Foramen Spinosum?

Middle meningeal artery

What are the characteristics of cervical vertebrae?

Small body, short and bifid spinous process, triangular shaped foramen

How many Cervical Vertebrae are there?

7

How many Spinal Nerves are there?

8

What are the characteristics of the C1 vertebra?

No body, No spinous process, Articulates with occiput

What are the characteristics of the C2 vertebra?

Dens/odontoid process/epistropheus, Allows for rotation of head, Articulates with C1

What are the characteristics of the C7 vertebra?

Long & non-bifid spinous process, Most prominent at the back of the neck

What nerve innervates the SCM (sternocleidomastoid) muscle?

CN 11

What are the actions of the SCM (sternocleidomastoid) muscle?

Flexion of neck, Rotation of head

What are the actions of the Scalene muscles?

UNILATERAL: Ipsilateral Flexion and Rotation
BILATERAL: Cervical flexion

What are the Muscles of Mastication?

Temporalis, Internal pterygoid, Masseter, External pterygoid

What nerve innervates the Muscles of Mastication?

CN 5

What is the Temporalis action?

Retrusion, Elevation

What are Internal and External Pterygoid actions?

Protrusion, Lateral movement

What is the Masseter action?

Elevation

What causes Mouth closing/mandibular elevation?

Temporalis, Masseter, Internal Pterygoid

What causes Mouth opening/mandibular depression?

External pterygoid, Geniohyoid, Digastric, Mylohyoid

What is the function of the Palatoglossus?

Elevates posterior tongue

What is the function of the Genioglossus?

Protrudes tongue

What is the function of the Hyoglossus?

Depresses tongue

What is the function of the Styloglossus?

Retracts tongue