psych 2

Wilhelm Wundt

Established the first psychology laboratory; Father of Psychology

Structuralism

Aims to discover the structural elements of the mind; Uses introspection

Introspection

looking inwards; reports elements of experience ; criticized for being unreliable and varying

Edward Titchener

Founder of structuralism

Functionalism

Aims to understand the functions of the different aspects of the mind and behavior; influenced by Darwin's Theory of Evolution

William James

Founder of functionalism

Mary Whiton Calkins

Denied PhD from Harvard for being female; First female president of APA

Maragaret Floy Washburn

First woman to receive PhD in psychology

Behavioral Perspective

Our behavior is influenced by learned associations (conditioning); examines how/why external stimuli trigger angry or aggressive responses

Psychoanalytic Perspective

Emphasizes the ways our unconcious thought processes and our emotional responses to childhood experiences affect our behavior; behavior formed by unconcious drives, often because of childhood trauma

Principal Contributors of Behaviorism

BF Skinner. Ivan Pavlov

Keywords of Behaviorism

Learned, unlearned, taught, reciprocate

Principal Contributors of Psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung

Keywords of Psychoanalysis

Drives, urges, unconscious motives, trauma-induced, unsolved issues

Humanistic Perspective

current environmental influences can nurture or limit growth potential and importance of having our needs of love and acceptance satisfied; emphasizes flourishing and human tradition of reach full potential

Humanism keywords

Self-actualization, personal growth, full potential

Principal Contributors of Humanism

Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers

Cognitive Perspective

Scientific study of mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, and processing, storing, and receiving information

Cognitive Keywords

memory, thoughts, belief

Principal Contributors of Cognitive

Jean Piaget

Biological Perspective

how the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences; how genes combine with environment to influence individuals

Biological Keywords

brain, hormones, chemical imbalances, neurotransmitters

Evolutionary Perspective

How the natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes; mind is shaped by the need to survive and reproduce

Evolutionary Contributor

Charles Darwin

Sociocultural Perspective

Behavior is caused by the rules and expectations of a group and of cultures

Sociocultural contributors

Stanley Milgrim, Lev Vygotsky

developmental psychologists

study our changing abilities from womb to tomb

cognitive psychologists

experiment with how we perceive, think, and solve problems

educational psychologists

studying influences on teaching and learning

personality psychologists

investigating personality traits

social psychologists

exploring how we view and affect one another

industrial-organizational psychologists

use psychology concepts and methods in the workplace to help companies and organizations with their various activities

human factors psychologist

focus on interaction of people , machines, and physical environments

counseling psychologist

help people cope with challenges and crises and to improve their personal and social functioning

clinical psychologists

assess and treat mental, emotional, and behavior disorders

community psychologists

work to create social and physical environments that are health for all

psychometric and quantitative psychologists

study the methods and techniques used to acquire personal knowledge

forensic psychologist

apply psychological principles to legal issues

health psychologists

researchers and practitioners concerned with psychology's contribution to promoting health and prevent disease

neuropsychologists

investigate the relationship between neurological processes and behavior

rehabilitation psychologists

researchers and practitioners who work with people who lost optimal functioning after an accident, illness, or other event

school psychologists

involved in the assessment of and intervention for children in educational settings

sport psychologist

study the psychological factors that influence, and are influenced by, participation in sports and other physical activities