Unit 1: Intro to Anatomy

a

not, without

ation

condition, process

cyte

cell

dynia, algia, alge (si)

pain

hydro

water

itis

inflammation of

ism

condition

macro

large

meta

beyond

micro

small, tiny

ology

the study of

osis

abnormal condition

phys

to grow, nature, natural order

scopy

viewing of

therm

heat, tempature

integumentary System

physical barrier that protects the body, senses stimuli, regulates body temperature, and produces vitamin D

skeletal System

body support and structure; allows movement; makes blood cells; protects organs; stores minerals such as calcium

muscular system

causes movements by contracting and relaxing

nervous system

carries electrical signals throughout the body to control thoughts and responses

endocrine system

makes hormones to regulate a wide variety of bodily functions

cardiovascular system

transportation of oxygen, nutrients, hormones and waste products throughout the body

respiratory system

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the atmosphere

immune/ Lymphatic system

prevents and minimizes infection of the body. returns excess fluid in the tissues back into the bloodstream.

digestive system

breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates waste

urinary system

filters blood and removes excess waste by producing and excreting urine.

reproductive system

produces and sustains sperm and egg cells, enables fertilization, and supports developing offspring

anatomy is the study of _

the structure of an organism

physiology is the study of _

how that organism’s body functions

cell

smallest unit of all living things

tissue

similar cells with a common function

organ

made of 2 or more types of tissues

system

group of organs working toward a common goal

organism

highest level of structural organization for an individual

skeletal system function

provides support and protection, gives body shape.

skeletal system major organs

bones, ligaments, cartilage, joints

nervous system function

detects impulses from the senses; control center.

nervous system major organs

brain,spinal cord, senses, nerves

circulatory systems function

transports nutrients and gases around the body.

circulatory systems major organs

heart,blood vessels, blood

respiratory systems function

exchanges gases (oxygen & CO₂)

respiratory systems major organs

lungs,sinuses, diaphragm

digestive systems function

breaks down and absorbs food

digestive system major organs

mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder

muscular systems function

provides movement for all parts of the body.

muscular systems major organs

skeletal and smooth muscles

integumentary systems function

protect the body, regulate temperature, and prevent water loss.

integumentary systems major organs

skin, hair, nails

lymphatic systems function

fights infection and provides fluid for cells.

lymphatic systems major organs

spleen,thymus gland, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes

excretory systems function

removes waste from the blood

excretory systems major organs

kidneys, bladders, ureters, urethra

endocrine systems function

secretes hormones

endocrine systems major organs

glands (Hypothalamus, pineal, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, thymus, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries or testes)

reproductive systems function

produces cells used in sexual reproduction.

reproductive systems major organs

-female: ovaries, vagina, uterus, mammary glands

-male: testes, penis, prostate gland

the anatomy of the human body describes _

 structures found within it

these structures are organized into _

different levels of complexity

the __ systems made of __ work together in a __

The 11 systems made of cells, tissues, and organs work together in a individual organism.

maintaining boundaries necessary for life

some substances in and keeps others out (ex: skin protects absorbs and keeps in water, which preventing entry of pathogens)

movement necessary for life

internal movement (ex: digestive contractions) and ability to move through surroundings

responsiveness necessary for life

 sensing and reacting to changes in environment (ex: pain felt when finger is cut with a knife)

digestion necessary for life

breaking down and absorbing nutrients

metabolism necessary for life

building larger molecules from small ones (anabolism) and breaking down of larger molecules into smaller ones (catabolism)

excretion necessary for life

removal of wastes (ex: urine, sweat)

reproduction necessary for life

production of offspring

growth necessary for life

increase in cell size or overall body size

nutrients aid in survival

(through digestion & metabolism)

oxygen’s aid in survival

heart and lungs

normal body temperature’s aid in survival

(skin, blood, and muscles)

water aid’s in survival

(allows molecules to move through the body)

normal atmospheric pressure’s aid in survival

 (provides appropriate gas exchange between lungs and environment)