IPS1-[Formulas]

Proverbs 16:3

Boyle’s Law

[Gas Law]

P1V1=P2V2

Charles’ Law

[Gas Law]

Gay-Lussacs Law

[Gas Law]

Combined Gas Law

[Gas Law]

Avogadro’s Law

[Gas Law]

Ideal Gas Law

[Gas Law]

PV = nRT

Where:

● P → pressure

● V → volume (L)

● N → moles (mol)

● T → temperature (T)

● R → molar gas constant

Values of R in PV=nRT

Real Gas Law or Van der Waals

[Gas Law]

Graham’s Law

[Gas Law]

Where: r = rate

Henry’s Law

[Gas Law]

● The solubility of a gas is directly proportional to the pressure at constant temperature

● S∝P (T=constant)

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure

[Gas Law]

Raoult’s Law

[Gas Law]

Clausius Clapeyron

[Gas Law]

The relationship between the vapor pressure and the absolute temperature of a liquid

Phase Rule

𝑭 = (𝑪 – 𝑷) +2

Where;

F = independent variables (T, P, C…)

P = number of phases

C = number of components

Moles

[Concentration Expressions]

Molarity (M)

[Concentration Expressions]

Molality (m)

[Concentration Expressions]

Normality (N)

[Concentration Expressions]

Ionization of Weak Acids

pH

pOH

pH to pOH 

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation For weak acid and its salt:

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation For weak base and its salt:

Koppel-Spiro Van Slyke’s Equation

[Buffer capacity]

Bmax =

0.576 C

Vapor Pressure Lowering

Boiling Point Elevation

Freezing Point Depression

White Vincent method

[Methods of Adjusting Tonicity]

Sprowl’s method

[Methods of Adjusting Tonicity]

V = 0.3 g x E x 111.1

Sodium Chloride Equivalent (E) / “tonic equivalent”

Measurement of Surface and Interfacial Tensions

Spreading Coefficient

Where:

● 𝜸𝑺𝒖𝒃 → Surface tension of substrate

● 𝜸𝑺𝒑𝑳 → Surface tension of spreading liquid

● 𝜸𝑺𝒖𝒃/𝑺𝒑𝑳 → Interfacial tension between substrate and spreading liquid

○ 𝑺 ≥ 𝟎 → 𝒔𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒓

Sedimentation Volume of Flocculated

[Sedimentation Parameters]

Sedimentation Volume of Deflocculated

[Sedimentation Parameters]

Degree of Flocculation: more fundamental parameter

[Sedimentation Parameters]

Angle of Repose (𝜭)

Method I – Graduated Cylinder

Tapped Density

Bulkiness

C.I.=

Porosity

Rheology: Viscosity and fluidity

Equation for zero-order

Rate constant for Zero Order Kinetics

Half Life (t ½) for Zero Order Kinetics

Shelf-life for Zero Order Kinetics

Equation for First Order Reaction

Rate of Constant for First Order Kinetics

Half-life for First Order Kinetics

Shelf-life for First Order Kinetics