7 - Group 4A and 4B

Proverbs 16:3

c. Group 4A

• Non-metallic

• Oxidation: +4

a. Group 3A

b. Group 3B

c. Group 4A

d. Group 4B

c. Group 4A

Predominantly exhibit covalent bonding, owing to the small size and high change on the tetravalent ions
a. Group 3A

b. Group 3B

c. Group 4A

d. Group 4B

c. Group 4A

In _____ . the oxides of C and Si are ACIDIC, other elements of the group are AMPHOTERIC

a. Group 3A

b. Group 3B

c. Group 4A

d. Group 4B

c. Group 4A

Carbon group.

a. Group 3A

b. Group 3B

c. Group 4A

d. Group 4B

a. C (Carbon)

• Non-metal

• Can form multiple bonds with itself

a. C (Carbon)
b. Si (Silicon)
c. Ge (Germanium)
d. Sn (Tin)
e. Pb (Lead)

a. C (Carbon)

Have the ability to bond with another carbon forming chains (Hybridization, Isomerism, Stability)

a. C (Carbon)
b. Si (Silicon)
c. Ge (Germanium)
d. Sn (Tin)
e. Pb (Lead)

b. Catenation

This is the ability to bond with another carbon forming chains (Hybridization, Isomerism, Stability)

a. Polymerization

b. Catenation

c. Hydrogenation

d. Substitution

a. C (Carbon)

• Non-metal

• The only element that can form multiple bonds itself

• Catenation

a. C (Carbon)

b. Si (Silicon)

c. Ge (Germanium)

d. Sn (Tin)

e. Pb (Lead)

b. I, II

• Diamond (Tetrahedral)

• Graphite (Planar)

Crystalline allotrope of Carbon.

I. Diamond (Tetrahedral)

II. Graphite (Planar)

III. Bituminous

IV. Anthracite

V. Coke

a. I, II, III, IV, V

b. I, II

c. I, II, III

d. III, IV, V

d. III, IV, V

• Bituminous

• Anthracite

• Coke

Amorphous allotrope of Carbon.

I. Diamond

II. Graphite

III. Bituminous

IV. Anthracite

V. Coke

a. I, II, III, IV, V

b. I, II

c. I, II, III

d. III, IV, V

a. Diamond

Tetrahedral shape and the purest native form of uncombined carbon.

a. Diamond

b. Graphite

c. Bituminous

d. Anthracite

e. Coke

a. Diamond

Formed under pressure and is the hardest mineral known.

a. Diamond

b. Graphite

c. Bituminous

d. Anthracite

e. Coke

a. C (Carbon)

Diamond is crystalline form allotrope of what element?

a. C (Carbon)
b. Si (Silicon)
c. Ge (Germanium)
d. Sn (Tin)
e. Pb (Lead)

b. Graphite

Crystalline allotrope of carbon that has a planar shape

a. Diamond

b. Graphite

c. Bituminous

d. Anthracite

e. Coke

c. Bituminous

Soft coal (70% Carbon)

a. Diamond

b. Graphite

c. Bituminous

d. Anthracite

e. Coke

d. Anthracite

Hard coal (90% Carbon + 6% Volatile Matter)

a. Diamond

b. Graphite

c. Bituminous

d. Anthracite

e. Coke

e. Coke

Impure carbon.

a. Diamond

b. Graphite

c. Bituminous

d. Anthracite

e. Coke

f. Fullerene

Allotrope of carbon whose molecule consists of carbon atoms connected by single and double bonds so as to form a closed or partially closed mesh, with fused rings of five to seven atoms.

a. Diamond

b. Graphite

c. Bituminous

d. Anthracite

e. Coke

f. Fullerene

b. Adsorbent

Activated Charcoal is primarily used as a(n):

a. Emetic

b. Adsorbent

c. Antidote for heavy metals only

d. Laxative

a. Universal Antidote

Activated Charcoal is a component of the:

a. Universal Antidote

b. WHO Oral Rehydration Solution

c. Vitamin B Complex

d. Broad-spectrum antibiotic

b. Activated Charcoal

Prepared from ligneous material by carbonization in the absence of air, followed by heat and/or chemical treatment to increase surface area and porosity

a. Graphite

b. Activated Charcoal

c. Diamond

d. Coke

b. Activated Charcoal

Residue from a destructive distillation of various organic materials treated to increase its adsorptive power

a. Graphite

b. Activated Charcoal

c. Diamond

d. Coke

a. Finely Powdered Form of Activated Charcoal

Used in liquid media

a. Finely Powdered Form of Activated Charcoal

b. Course, Hard, Porous Particle Form of Activated Charcoal

a. Finely Powdered Form of Activated Charcoal

Official use in USP in treatment of diarrhea

a. Finely Powdered Form of Activated Charcoal

b. Course, Hard, Porous Particle Form of Activated Charcoal

b. Course, Hard, Porous Particle Form of Activated Charcoal

Used for gas absorption

a. Finely Powdered Form of Activated Charcoal

b. Course, Hard, Porous Particle Form of Activated Charcoal

d.Both a and b

• Carbonic Acid

• Dry ice

Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) is also known as:

a. Carbonic Acid

b. Dry Ice

c. Marsh Gas

d.Both a and b

b. Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)

Most potent and best respiratory stimulant

a. Oxygen (O₂)

b. Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)

c. Nitrogen (N₂)

d. Helium (He)

b. Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)

Used in the treatment of persistent hiccups

a. Oxygen (O₂)

b. Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)

c. Nitrogen (N₂)

d. Helium (He)

b. Dry Ice (Solid CO₂)

Used in the treatment of acne, corns, calluses, moles, warts, eczema

a. Liquid Nitrogen

b. Dry Ice (Solid CO₂)

c. Ice Water

d. Liquid Helium

b. Suffocation

Toxicity of Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) is due to:

a. Liver failure

b. Suffocation

c. Kidney damage

d. Cardiac arrest

a. Soda Lime (NaOH + CaOH) & Barium Hydroxides

Adsorbers for Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) include:

a. Soda Lime (NaOH + CaOH) & Barium Hydroxides

b. Silica Gel & Activated Charcoal

c. Calcium Chloride & Magnesium Sulfate

d. Potassium Permanganate & Ozone

b. Toxic gas

Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a:

a. Non-toxic gas

b. Toxic gas

c. Inert gas

d. Nutrient gas

b. Automotive exhaust (car)

Major source of Carbon Monoxide (CO) is:

a. Industrial smog

b. Automotive exhaust (car)

c. Volcanic eruption

d. Forest fires

c. 210x

Carbon Monoxide (CO) has ______ times greater affinity to hemoglobin than Oxygen (O₂).

a. 50x

b. 100x

c. 210x

d. 500x

b. Asphyxia = death

The high affinity of Carbon Monoxide (CO) to hemoglobin leads to:

a. Increased oxygen delivery

b. Asphyxia = death

c. Improved respiration

d. Enhanced metabolism

a. Cytochrome oxidase

Carbon Monoxide (CO) targets which enzyme?

a. Cytochrome oxidase

b. Carbonic anhydrase

c. Catalase

d. Amylase

b. Systemic poison

Carbon Monoxide (CO) is classified as a:

a. Local poison

b. Systemic poison

c. Contact poison

d. Corrosive poison

b. Interaction with hemoglobin (cherry red blood)

Carbon Monoxide (CO) toxicity is due to ______

a. Interaction with plasma proteins (blue blood)

b. Interaction with hemoglobin (cherry red blood)

c. Interaction with white blood cells (pale blood)

d. Interaction with platelets (clotted blood)

b. Cherry red color of blood and mucous membranes

Pathognomonic sign of Carbon Monoxide (CO) poisoning is:

a. Yellow skin

b. Cherry red color of blood and mucous membranes

c. Blue lips

d. Green tongue

d. All of the above1

• 100% O₂

• Artificial Air (He 80% + O₂ 20%)

• hyperbaric O₂

Treatment for Carbon Monoxide (CO) poisoning includes:

a. 100% O₂

b. Artificial Air (He 80% + O₂ 20%)

c.hyperbaric O₂

d. All of the above

a. Antacid, carbonating agent

Carbonates / Bicarbonates (CO₃²⁻ / HCO₃⁻) are used as:

a. Antacid, carbonating agent

b. Antibiotic, antiviral

c. Anticoagulant, antispasmodic

d. Antihypertensive, diuretic

c. Bicarbonate

Causes temporary water hardness

a. Chloride

b. Sulfate

c. Bicarbonate

d. Nitrate

d. Both b and c

• Baking soda

• Gastric antacid

NaHCO₃ (Sodium bicarbonate) is commonly known as:

a. Washing soda

b. Baking soda;

c. Gastric antacid

d. Both b and c

b. KHCO₃ (Potassium bicarbonate)

Used as a source of K ion

a. NaHCO₃ (Sodium bicarbonate)

b. KHCO₃ (Potassium bicarbonate)

c. (NH₄)₂CO₃ (Ammonium carbonate)

d. CaCO₃ (Calcium carbonate)

b. Reflex stimulant and expectorant

(NH₄)₂CO₃ (Ammonium carbonate) is an effective:

a. Antacid and laxative

b. Reflex stimulant and expectorant

c. Antihypertensive and diuretic

d. Antibiotic and antifungal

c. (NH₄)₂CO₃ (Ammonium carbonate)

Effective reflex stimulant and expectorant

a. NaHCO₃ (Sodium bicarbonate)

b. KHCO₃ (Potassium bicarbonate)

c. (NH₄)₂CO₃ (Ammonium carbonate)

d. CaCO₃ (Calcium carbonate)

d. All of the above

• Dehydrate/Decaydrate (Soda Crystals, Washing Soda ,Sal Soda)

• Sesquihydrate (Trona, Urao)

• Anhydrous (Soda Ash, Calcined Soda)

Sodium Carbonate (Na₂CO₃) forms include:

a. Dehydrate/Decaydrate (Soda Crystals, Washing Soda ,Sal Soda)

b. Sesquihydrate (Trona, Urao)

c. Anhydrous (Soda Ash, Calcined Soda)

d. All of the above

d. All of the above

• Soda crystals

• Washing soda

• Sal soda

Sodium carbonate dehydrate / decahydrate (Na₂CO₃ · 10H₂O) is also known as:

a. Soda Crystals

b. Washing Soda

c. Sal Soda

d. All of the above

c. Both a and b

• Trona

• Urao

Sodium carbonate sesquihydrate is also known as ______

a. Trona

b. Urao

c. Both a and b

d. Both a and b

• Soda Ash

• Calcined Soda

Anhydrous sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) is also known as:

a. Soda Ash

b. Calcined Soda

c. Soda Crystals

d. Both a and b

a. -K, -Na, -NH₄

The soluble carbonate groups include:

a. -K, -Na, -NH₄

b. -Ca, -Mg, -Ba

c. -Fe, -Cu, -Zn

d. -Pb, -Hg, -Ag

b. Silicon (Si)

2nd most abundant element

a. Oxygen (O)

b. Silicon (Si)

c. Aluminum (Al)

d. Iron (Fe)

b. Silicon (Si)

Component of glass

a. Oxygen (O)

b. Silicon (Si)

c. Aluminum (Al)

d. Iron (Fe)

e. All of the above

• Sand

• Flint

• Silica

Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂) is also known as:

a. Sand

b. Flint

c. Silica

d. Gypsum, Plaster of Paris

e. All of the above

e. All of the above

• Adsorbent

• Clarifying agent

• Filtering agent

• Insulator

Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂) is used as a(n):

a. Adsorbent

b. Clarifying agent

c. Filtering agent

d. Insulator

e. All of the above

b. Silicosis

Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂) Toxicity is known as:

a. Asbestosis

b. Silicosis

c. Baritosis

d. Argyria

e. Both c and d

• Aluminum Oxide (Al₂O₃)

• Forms coats on silica particles

Antidote for Silicosis (SiO₂ toxicity) is:

a. Magnesium Oxide (MgO)

b. Calcium Oxide (CaO)

c. Aluminum Oxide (Al₂O₃)

d. Forms coats on silica particles

e. Both c and d

b. Silica Fume (Colloidal Silicon Dioxide NF)

Prepared by condensation of silica from its vapor phase

a. Fly Ash
b. Silica Fume
c. Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag
d. Calcium Silicate Hydrate

b. Colloidal Silicon Dioxide NF

Silica Fume is also known as:

a. Silica Gel

b. Colloidal Silicon Dioxide NF

c. Flint

d. Sand

a. Silica Gel (Silicon Dioxide NF)

Prepared by condensation of silica from its vapor phase

a. Silica Gel

b. Silica Fume

c. Flint

d. Sand

b. Silicon Dioxide NF

Silica Gel is also known as:

a. Colloidal Silicon Dioxide NF

b. Silicon Dioxide NF

c. Flint

d. Sand

e. All of the above

• Diatomaceous Earth

• Fuller's Earth

• Kieselguhr

• Celite

Purified Siliceous Earth NF (Al Mg Si) is also known as:

a. Diatomaceous Earth

b. Fuller's Earth

c. Kieselguhr

d. Celite

e. All of the above

b. Purified Siliceous Earth NF (Al Mg Si)

Act as excellent inert, non-adsorbent filter aids

a. Activated Charcoal
b. Purified Siliceous Earth NF (Al Mg Si)
c. Bentonite Clay
d. Diatomaceous Earth (unpurified)

b. Mild abrasive

Purified Siliceous Earth NF (Al Mg Si) is used as a:

a. Strong acid

b. Mild abrasive

c. Strong base

d. Oxidizing agent

e. All of the above

• Polymeric Dimethyl Siloxane

• Activated Dimethicone

• Dimethylpolysiloxane

• Dimethicone

Simethicone is also known as:

a. Polymeric Dimethyl Siloxane

b. Activated Dimethicone

c. Dimethylpolysiloxane

d. Dimethicone

e. All of the above

b. Antifoaming agent

Simethicone is classified as a(n):

a. Antacid

b. Antifoaming agent

c. Antibiotic

d. Anticoagulant

b. Simethicone

Anti-flatulent in gastric bloating and post-operative gaseous distention in GIT

a. Activated Charcoal
b. Simethicone
c. Dicyclomine
d. Omeprazole

d. All of the above

• Polymagma®

• Diatabs®

• Quintess®

Attapulgite is also known by the brand names:

a. Polymagma®

b. Diatabs®

c. Quintess®

d. All of the above

b. Adsorbent

Attapulgite is classified as a(n):

a. Antacid

b. Adsorbent

c. Antifoaming agent

d. Laxative

c. Attapulgite

An adsorbent used for the treatment of diarrheaa. Constipation

a. Loperamide
b. Bismuth Subsalicylate
c. Attapulgite
d. Psyllium

e. All of the above

• French Chalk

• Piedra Grasa

• Soapstone

• Creta Gallica

Talc is also known as:

a. French Chalk

b. Piedra Grasa

c. Soapstone

d. Creta Gallica

e. All of the above

b. Talc

Also known as the Softest mineral known

a. Cornstarch
b. Talc
c. Kaolin
d. Zinc Stearate

b. Talc

Formerly used as dusting powders and lubricant for surgical gloves

a. Cornstarch
b. Talc
c. Kaolin
d. Zinc Stearate

b. Talc

Used as a Filtering aid

a. Cornstarch
b. Talc
c. Kaolin
d. Zinc Stearate

a. Filtering aid

Talc is used as a:

a. Filtering aid

b. Strong acid

c. Oxidizing agent

d. Reducing agent

b. Purified Talc

Has been freed of iron and other impurities

a. Crushed limestone
b. Purified Talc
c. Raw Kaolin
d. Unrefined Bentonite

b. Purified Talc

Made by boiling very finely powdered talc with water containing 2% of HCl acid

a. Crushed limestone
b. Purified Talc
c. Raw Kaolin
d. Unrefined Bentonite

d. All of the above

• Aluminum Oxide

• Calcium Oxide

• Ferric Oxide

The most frequent impurities of Talc are:

a. Aluminum Oxide

b. Calcium Oxide

c. Ferric Oxide

d. All of the above

b. Feldspar

Potassium Aluminum Silicate is also known as ______
a. Talc

b. Feldspar

c. Mica

d. Asbestos

a. Potassium Aluminum Silicate (Feldspar)

It is the most common rock-forming mineral

a. Potassium Aluminum Silicate (Feldspar)
b. Sodium Chloride (Halite)
c. Silicon Dioxide (Quartz)
d. Calcium Carbonate (Calcite)

b. Sodium Silicate

_____ is the generic term used to identify vitreous silicate material prepared by fusing a base, such as Na2CO3 & CaCO3 + pure silica

a. Potassium Silicate
b. Sodium Silicate
c. Calcium Silicate
d. Aluminum Silicate

b. Covalent Si-Si bonds

Silanes (SiH₄) contain which type of bond?

a. Ionic Si-Si bonds

b. Covalent Si-Si bonds

c. Metallic Si-Si bonds

d. Hydrogen bonds only

b. Tin (Sn)

Stannum

a. Antimony (Sb)
b. Tin (Sn)
c. Silver (Ag)
d. Zinc (Zn)

b. Tin (Sn)

Used in the manufacture of tin cans and household utensils

a. Antimony (Sb)
b. Tin (Sn)
c. Silver (Ag)
d. Zinc (Zn)

b. Tin (Sn)

Present in tin cans and exist as +2 or +4 oxidation states.

a. Antimony (Sb)
b. Tin (Sn)
c. Silver (Ag)
d. Zinc (Zn)

b. Solder Metal

50% Sn + 50% Pb
a. Pewter Metal

b. Solder Metal

c. Gun Metal

d. Rose Metal

c. Pewter Metal

80% Sn + 20% Pb

a. Solder Metal

b. Gun Metal

c. Pewter Metal

d. Rose Metal

d. Gun Metal

10% Sn + 90% Cu

a. Solder Metal

b. Pewter Metal

c. Rose Metal

d. Gun Metal

d. Rose Metal

25% Sn + 25% Pb + 50% Bi

a. Solder Metal

b. Pewter Metal

c. Gun Metal

d. Rose Metal

b. Stannous Fluoride (SnF₂)

Anticariogenic (8% solution)

a. Stannic Oxide (SnO₂)

b. Stannous Fluoride (SnF₂)

c. Stannous Chloride (SnCl₂)

d. Stannic Sulfide (SnS₂)

a. Stannic Oxide (SnO₂)

Germicide against Staphylococcal infections

a. Stannic Oxide (SnO₂)

b. Stannous Fluoride (SnF₂)

c. Stannous Chloride (SnCl₂)

d. Stannic Sulfide (SnS₂)

a. Lead (Pb)

Plumbum

a. Lead (Pb)
b. Mercury (Hg)
c. Platinum (Pt)
d. Palladium (Pd)

d. Lead (Pb)

Most metallic element of Group IVA

a. Carbon (C)

b. Silicon (Si)

c. Tin (Sn)

d. Lead (Pb)

b. Pb²⁺ (Plumbous) and Pb⁴⁺ (Plumbic)

Lead (Pb) exists in which oxidation states?

a. Pb⁺ and Pb²⁺

b. Pb²⁺ (Plumbous) and Pb⁴⁺ (Plumbic)

c. Pb³⁺ and Pb⁵⁺

d. Pb⁰ and Pb²⁺

c. Phosphorus (P)

Lead (Pb) is added to _____ to render it black.

a. Gold (Au)

b. Silver (Ag)

c. Phosphorus (P)

d. Sulfur (S)

d. Lead (Pb)

Forms a black precipitate with sulfur-containing reagent such as Fohl's Reagent and Lead(II) Acetate

a. Carbon (C)

b. Silicon (Si)

c. Tin (Sn)

d. Lead (Pb)

b. Astringent and protein precipitant

Pharmacologic actions of Lead (Pb) include:

a. Antacid and laxative

b. Astringent and protein precipitant

c. Antibiotic and antifungal

d. Diuretic and antihypertensive

d. All of the above

• Plumbism

• Lead encephalopathy

• Lead palsy

Cumulative poisoning of Lead (Pb) is known as:

a. Plumbism

b. Lead encephalopathy

c. Lead palsy

d. All of the above

c. EDTA, Ca Versenate

Antidote for Lead (Pb) poisoning (Plumbism) in adults is:

a. Penicillamine

b. BAL (Dimercaprol)

c. EDTA, Ca Versenate

d. Activated charcoal