Ch. 10.1 all vocab in notes

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36 Terms

1
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is the input and retrieval of what has been learned or experienced
Memory
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transforming of info so that the nervous system can process it
Encoding
3
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You are using _________when you try to remember something by saying it allowed.
acoustic codes
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is an attempt to keep visual pictures
visual codes
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try to make words or phrases
semantic code
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info that is maintained over time; few seconds or longer; in memory system
storage
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info is brought to mind from storage: used
retrieval
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what are the three stages of memory?
sensory, short-term, long-term
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sight, hearing, touch can hold input for a fraction of a second; this is the INITIAL storage
Sensory memory
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who used a tachistoscope and believed that humans can recall a visual image of letters for a brief moment, before it is discarded from memory
George Spering
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stimuli that created a visual image of letters; reflect system
iconic memory
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auditory sensory memory; 1-2 seconds
echoic memory
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info at any moment is held here; info entered temporary; fragile, narrowed down, short-lived, temporary
Short-term memory
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where are majority of memories held?
Hippocampus
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where are memories with emotion held?
Amygdala
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repeat info out loud; short-term info
Maintenance rehearsal
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how long does short-term info last w/o rehearsal?
20 seconds
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connect letters together to become one; stored as a unit
chunking
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able to recall info presented at beginning or end of a list; lasts 15 seconds
Primary-Recency Effect
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remembering only the beginning of a list
Primary
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remembering only the end of a list
Recency
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mental scratch pad; happening right now but temporary; can be erased for more permanent info; problem solving
Working memory
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info stored over extended periods of time; divided into categories
Long-term memory
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Who believed in the distinction of Semantic memory and episodic memory?
Endel Tulving
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knowledge of language; general knowledge of the world; rules of logic; rules/words/meanings
Semantic Memory
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memory of our own life: remember specific sequence, time, place, context; personal
Episodic memory
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Who believed in declarative memory?
L.S Squire
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names/faces; factual info; use when needed
declarative memory
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who believed that memory was essential to survival?
William James
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Who believed in the learning curve and in paper “memory”?
Herman Ebbinghaus
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what is deep in the front of the cortex?
Striatum
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hypothetical means by which memory traces are stored
Engram
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organized to be transformed into long-term
Elaborative memory
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organizing to remember
Mnemonics
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what is short term repetitive?
Rehearsal
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Who searched for an engram by using a rat maze?
Karl S. Lasheley