Ch. 10.1 all vocab in notes

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is the input and retrieval of what has been learned or experienced

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36 Terms

1

is the input and retrieval of what has been learned or experienced

Memory

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2

transforming of info so that the nervous system can process it

Encoding

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3

You are using _________when you try to remember something by saying it allowed.

acoustic codes

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4

is an attempt to keep visual pictures

visual codes

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5

try to make words or phrases

semantic code

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6

info that is maintained over time; few seconds or longer; in memory system

storage

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7

info is brought to mind from storage: used

retrieval

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8

what are the three stages of memory?

sensory, short-term, long-term

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9

sight, hearing, touch can hold input for a fraction of a second; this is the INITIAL storage

Sensory memory

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10

who used a tachistoscope and believed that humans can recall a visual image of letters for a brief moment, before it is discarded from memory

George Spering

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11

stimuli that created a visual image of letters; reflect system

iconic memory

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12

auditory sensory memory; 1-2 seconds

echoic memory

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13

info at any moment is held here; info entered temporary; fragile, narrowed down, short-lived, temporary

Short-term memory

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14

where are majority of memories held?

Hippocampus

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15

where are memories with emotion held?

Amygdala

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16

repeat info out loud; short-term info

Maintenance rehearsal

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17

how long does short-term info last w/o rehearsal?

20 seconds

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18

connect letters together to become one; stored as a unit

chunking

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19

able to recall info presented at beginning or end of a list; lasts 15 seconds

Primary-Recency Effect

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20

remembering only the beginning of a list

Primary

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21

remembering only the end of a list

Recency

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22

mental scratch pad; happening right now but temporary; can be erased for more permanent info; problem solving

Working memory

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23

info stored over extended periods of time; divided into categories

Long-term memory

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24

Who believed in the distinction of Semantic memory and episodic memory?

Endel Tulving

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25

knowledge of language; general knowledge of the world; rules of logic; rules/words/meanings

Semantic Memory

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26

memory of our own life: remember specific sequence, time, place, context; personal

Episodic memory

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27

Who believed in declarative memory?

L.S Squire

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28

names/faces; factual info; use when needed

declarative memory

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29

who believed that memory was essential to survival?

William James

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30

Who believed in the learning curve and in paper “memory”?

Herman Ebbinghaus

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31

what is deep in the front of the cortex?

Striatum

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32

hypothetical means by which memory traces are stored

Engram

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33

organized to be transformed into long-term

Elaborative memory

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34

organizing to remember

Mnemonics

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35

what is short term repetitive?

Rehearsal

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36

Who searched for an engram by using a rat maze?

Karl S. Lasheley

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