Ap Human 1.4-1.7 (copy)

Spatial Approach

It considers the arrangement of the phenomena being studied across the surface of the earth.

Site

The physical character of a place.

Spatial Interaction

It refers to the contact, movement, and flow of things between locations.

Distribution

The arrangement of something across Earth's surface.

Space

The physical gap or interval between two objects.

Situation

The location of a place relative to another place.

Flow

It refers to the patterns and movement of ideas, people, products, and other phenomena.

Location

The position of anything on Earths surface.

Sense of Place

Humans tend to perceive the characteristics of places in different ways based on their personal beliefs. For example, the characteristics of Rome, Italy, might be described differently by a local resident than by an outsider or by a Catholic than by a Hindu.

Friction of Distance

the principle that the cost of travel (in terms of time, money, and effort) increases with distance, making interaction between places more difficult and less likely

Place

A specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular character.

Toponyms

The name given to a portion of Earth's surface.

Distance Decay

The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.

Time-Space Compression

the reduction of the relative distance between places due to technological advancements in travel and communication, making the world feel "smaller" and more interconnected.

Patterns

The geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study

Human-environment interaction

The dual relationship between humans and the natural world are at the heart of human geography. The connection and exchange between them is referred to as

Non-renewable natural resources

are limited and can be exhausted by human uses. They include fossil fuels. petroleum, natural gas, coal...

Built environment

Human geographers often refer to the ______, by which they mean the physical artifacts that humans have created and that form part of the landscape. Buildings, roads, signs, and fences are examples of the ________.

Environmental Determinism

The belief that landforms and climate are the most powerful forces shaping human behavior and societal development is called _______. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, some people used_________ to argue that people in some climates were superior to those of other climates.

Natural Resources

The term includes items that occur in the natural environment that people can use. Examples usually include air, water, oil, fish, soil, and minerals.

Sustainability

It is an overarching theme of human geography and relates to trying to use resources now in ways that allow their use in the future while minimizing negative impacts on the environment. The policies attempt to solve problems stemming from natural resource depletion, mass consumption, the effects of pollution, and the impact of climate change. Geographers are concerned with these issues because of the influence that people have on the environment at the local, regional and global scale. An example of a policy would be to encourage companies to increase the use of renewable, less air-polluting energy sources and decrease the use of non-renewable fossil fuels.

Cultural Landscape

Fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group.

Possibilism

A view that acknowledges limits on the effects of the natural environment and focuses more on the role that human culture plays. Different cultures may respond to the same natural environment in diverse ways, depending on their beliefs, goals, and available technologies.

Renewable Resources

theoretically are unlimited and will not be depleted based on use by people. Wind power, hydro-electric, solar...

Land Use

The study of how land is utilized. modified, and organized by people is the essence of _____ ______.

Cultural Ecology

is the relationship between culture and the environment, dealing with human adaptations to various environments.

Geographic Scale

refers to the spatial extent of a study, ranging from local (e.g., a city neighborhood) to global levels.

World Regional Scale

Multiple countries of the world.

National Regional Scale

A portion of a country or region (s) within a country

Aggregation

is when geographers organize data into different scales such as by census tract, city, county, or country. This allows the data to be more easily mapped or organized in a chart or graph.

Global Scale

A map of the whole world.

National Scale

One country

Local Scale

A province, state, city, county, or neighborhood.

False Conclusions

It is easy to draw ________, or inaccurate generalizations, that are not supported by the data or logical reasoning.

Regions

have boundaries, unifying characteristics, cover space, and are created by people.

Functional Regions

an area organized around a central focal point or node, with surrounding areas connected to it through a structured relationship of interactions, services, or networks.

Formal Region

an area defined by a shared characteristic or trait, such as a specific language, political system, economic activity, or climate.

Perceptual Regions

differ from formal and functional regions in that they are defined by the informal sense of place that people ascribe to them.The boundaries of perceptual regions vary widely because people have a different sense of what defines and unites these regions. The American South,the Middle Fast, and Upstate New York are examples, While all of these region, exist, their exact boundaries depend upon the person who is defining them_________ are also known as vernacular regions.

Spatial Association

Matching patterns of distribution is called ____ ____ and indicates that two (or more) phenomena may be related or associated with one another. For example, the distribution of malaria matches the distribution of the mosquito that carries it.

Region

An area of Earth’s surface that is defined by one or more distinctive characteristics. Geographers use regions to organize space into manageable units for study.

Subregions

A smaller area within a region that shares some characteristics with the larger region but also has distinct features that set it apart.