OChem Functional Groups

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Alkane (pentane)

Alkene (2-Butene)

Alkyne (2-Butyne)

Cycloalkane (Cyclopentane)

Cycloalkane (Cyclohexane)

Aromatic Ring (Benzene)

Alkyl halide or Haloalkane (1-chlorobutane)

R-X X=Cl, Br, I, F

Alkyl Halide or Haloalkanes

ether (dimethyl ether)

Alcohol (1-Butanol)

Alcohol (2-Butanol)

R-OH

Alcohol

R-CO-R

Ketone

Ketone (2-pentanone)

R-CHO

Aldehyde

Aldehyde (Hexanal)

R-COOH

Carboxylic Acid

Carboxylic Acid (Hexanoic Acid)

R-COO-R

Ester

Ester (Methyl ethanoate)

R-NH₂

Amine

CH₃-NH₂

Amine (Methyl Amine)

CH₃CH₂-NH₂

Amine (Ethyl Amine)

R-CONH₂

Amide

Amide (Butanamide)

Nitrile

Nitrile (Ethane nitrile)

Acid Anhydride (Acetic anhydride)

Thiol

Thioether or sulfide

Thioester

Enol

Enamine

Imine

Organic Peroxide

Peroxy Acid

R-NO₂

Nitro

Carbocation

Carbon Radical

Carbanion

Carbene

w/IHD

Bicycloalkanes (IHD=2)

w/IHD

Alkene (1-Pentene IHD=1)

w/IHD

Conjugated alkadiene (1-3 butadiene IHD=2)

w/IHD

Conjugated alkatriene (1-3-5 hexatriene IHD=3)

w/IHD

Allene (Propadiene IHD=2)

Isolated diene (1-5 hexadiene)

Benzyne

Phenyl

Diol (1-2 Cyclohexanediol)

Alkoxide

Thiolate Ion

R-S-R

Sulfide or Thioether

R-S-S-R

Disulfide

Epoxide (Ethane epoxide)

Arene oxide

Oxetane

Dioxane (1-4-dioxane)

Crown Ether (12-Crown-4)

Crown Ether (15-Crown-5)

Crown Ether Formula

3 x # Oxygen - Crown - # Oxygen

Enal or alpha-beta unsaturated aldehyde

Enone

Thial

Thioketone

Sulfoxide

Sulfone

Acid Chloride

R-CO₃H

Peroxy Acid

Carbothioic S-Acid

Carbothioic O-Acid

Sulfinic Acid

Sulfonic Acid

Enol

Imine

Enamine

Oxime

Dithiocarboxylic acid or Carbodithioic Acid

Sulfenic Acid

Lactones

Thiolester

Thionoester

Sulfonate ester

Phosphoester

Lactams

Amidine

Imide

Carbonate ester

Carbamide

Carbamate Ester

R-NO

Nitroso

R-ONO

Nitrosooxy

R-N₃

Azide

Azo

Isonitrile

Cyanate

Thiocyanate

Isocyanate

Isothiocyanate

Halohydrine