Unit 5 - What are the impacts of Chemical industry? (Acids and Bases)

acids definition

Acids are a chemical substance that when dissolve in water or disassociated donates hydrogen ions, H+ or protons. They have a pH less than 7 and turns litmus paper from blue to red. It has a sour taste. It turns the universal indicator from blue to red. It reacts with metals and carbonates.

base definition

Bases are defined as a chemical substance that when dissolved in water or disassociated donates OH- ions and they neutralize acids. They have a pH more than 7 and turns litmus paper from red to blue. It has a soapy or bitter taste. It turns the universal indicator from green to dark violet. It does not react with metals and carbonates.

Arrhenius theory for acid

Any substance that disassociates to form H+ in an aqueous solution.

arrhenius theory for bases

any substance that disassociates to form OH- in an aqueous solution

bronsted-lowrey theory for acid

any substance that provides a proton to another substance

bronsted-lowrey theory for bases

any substance that receives a proton from an acid

pH scale

Measures how acidic or alkaline a substance is through the concentration of hydrogen ions

difference between bases and alkalis

Both alkalis and bases can neutralize acids and shows similar chemical behavior. However, alkalis are only those bases that can dissolve in water to release hydroxide ions.

weak acid meaning

Acids that don’t fully dissociate when in water. The acid still reacts with water to form a salt and hydronium ions however the reverse reaction can easily take place and is more common than the dissociation reaction.

strong acids meaning

Acids that fully ionizes in water. It donates virtually all of its protons.

weak base

Bases that don’t fully disassociate in the water. The base still reacts with water to dissociate however the reverse reaction easily takes place and is more common than the disassociation reaction.

strong base

Base that fully dissociates in water to OH-.

what happens the stronger the base/acid is?

the faster the rate of reaction as there are more hydrogen and hydroxide atoms that are disassociated which allows for quicker reactions.

examples of strong acids

hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid

strong bases example

lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide

weak acids example

nitrous acid, formic acid, acetic acid

weak bases examples

ammonia, ethylamine, pyride

neutralisation reaction

chemical reaction that takes place when an acid reacts with a base to form salt and water.

real-life examples of neutralisation

antacids, limestone, toothpaste

acid + metal

salt and hydrogen

how to detect for hydrogen gas

use a lit wood splint to test for hydrogen. will make a popping sound

acid + alkali

salt and water

acid + metal hydroxide

salt and water

acid + metal oxide

salt and water

acid + carbonate

salt and co2 and h2o

detector for carbon dioxide

turns limewater milky

sulfuric acid

h2so4

hydrochloric acid

hcl

nitric acid

hno3

acetic acid

hc2h3o2