1.4- Proteins

what determines protein function

the shape

what determines the shape of protein

sequence of amino acids

what determines amino acid sequence

sequence of bases in dna code

structural protein

found in bones, teeth, skin, hair, ligaments, tendons, provides support

hormones

these are chemical messengers transported in blood

antibodies

defends body against diseases

enzymes

biological catalyst found in all living cells

receptors

received chemical signals from outside a cell

structural protein example

collagen

hormones example

insulin

antibodies example

immunoglobulin

enzymes example

catalase

receptors example

hormones receptors on cell membrane

enzyme function

increases the speed of chemical reactions

optimum temperature

temperature at which enzyme activity is at its highest

denatured

when an enzymes active site is permanently changed and cannot fit the substrate

what can cause an enzyme to denature

extreme pH and high temperature

substrate

the substance an enzyme reacts with

active site

where the substrate attaches to the enzyme, it is complementary to the substrate

two types of enzyme reactions

degradation, synthesis

degradation reaction

large molecules breaking down into small molecules (enzyme reaction)

synthesis reaction

small molecules building up into large molecules (enzyme reaction)

enzyme examples

catalase

amylase

phosphorylase

catalase substrate

hydrogen peroxide

catalase products

oxygen and water

amylase substrate

starch

amylase products

maltose or sugar

phosphorylase substrate

glucose-1-phosphate

phosphorylase product

starch