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How many people are on a jury?
12 People
What are snitches called in prison?
Rats
How many people need to vote on a jury for a verdict in a criminal court?
It must be unanimous
What are prosecutors called in other states?
District Attorneys
How do people become district attorneys?
They are elected
How do you become a prosecutor?
They are appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent of the Senate
Do New Jersey probabtion officers carry guns?
No
How do you become a judge in New Jersey
They are appointed by the governor and approved by the senate
Which jury is more important?
The Petit Jury
How many people need to vote on a grand jury for a verdict?
Majority
What are free lawyers called?
Public defenders
Who sets bail?
Judges
What is a bailiff?
an official in a court of law who keeps order, looks after prisoners, etc; essentially court security
Who are the people that go to court that has seen the crime?
Eyewitnesses
Who are the people that go to court that hasn’t seen the crime?
Experts
What are some examples of experts in court?
DNA, Psychologists, and Ballistics
Is juvenile court open or closed?
Closed
Can a jury ask the opinions of a judge?
No
Who gives the sentence?
Judges
The philsophy that society can put people into prisons
Incapacitation
What is the principal of society watching criminals get punished called?
Deterrence
What is determinent sentencing?
A jail or prison sentence that has a definite length and can't be reviewed or changed by a parole board or any other agency
Must serve an 85% mandatory minimum
Indeterminant Sentencing
Type of custodial sentence that consists of a range of years (such as five to ten years) and not a fixed time, which means the convicted person's release date is left open
Allowed to apply for parole at any time for any crime
It is ____ vs. ____ in a criminal trail
State vs. Accuser
How involved are victims in a trial
There is minimal involvement
Does New Jersey have a death penalty?
No
What is the most common sentence?
Probabtion (With up to a year in jail)
What percentage of inmates reach parole?
95%
Do parole officers carry guns?
Yes
Is parole or probation more of a social worker?
Probation
What is another name for a probation officer?
Court Officers
What do you get arrested for if you fail to appear?
Violation of Probation
What is the trial for violation of probabtion like?
There is a trial with no jury, probabtion officers cannot arrest, and they get a lawyer
How many inmates are there in state and federal prison?
1 ½ Million
Crime rates are going ___ and inmate numbers are going ____
down, up
What percentage of inmates don’t graduate high school?
2/3
What are the three security levels?
Maximum, medium, and minimum
What is a jailhouse lawyer?
An inmate who is self taught on legal precedings that helps other inmates file petitions, file parole, etc.
The female inmate rates are ____
Increasing
How many juveniles are arrested each year?
1.6 Million
Juvenile courts are focus on ____
Rehibilitation
What is an arrest document called for juveniles
Petition of delinquency
What is a juvenile being transferred to adult court called?
Waiver Transfer
At what age can a child get transferred to adult court?
14
What is the right of the courts to take away a child?
Parens patriae
What are some issues with prisons?
Gangs
There are many old people
Overcrowded
2x stacked allowed, not 3x
Inmate Rights
Religious Food
No conjugal visits
Medical Care
Marriage
Formalized Dicipline
Visitation
Female prisoners…
Are abused at a much higher rate
Form Families in Prison
What is the mandatory minimum?
85%, then a parole hearing can be filed
What did the past court systems mean when they said “punish the body for the crimes of the soul?”
They used to publically execute, chop off hands, put people in stocks, etc.
Advisory Criminal Trials
Each lawyer must advocate for their side fairly by law.
Do converstations have to be private between lawyers and their clients?
Yes, it is priveledged
What can victims do at the end of a sentence?
Make a statement about the impact of what happened
Steps of the criminal trial
Trial Initiation
Jury selection
Opening
Testimony/evidence
Closing
Judge charge to jury
Jury Deliberations
Verdict
Who speaks first in a criminal trial?
Lawyers. Then experts and eyewitnesses
Where must a criminal go before parole?
A half-way house
What are juvenile prisions called?
Reformatories
What did you learn from the first speaker?
Taking an exam and how now you have to pay per application
Mental health is becoming more talked about and accepted, with an entire section dedicated to therapy.
Get paid more with an education
What did you learn from the second speaker?
The differences between parole and probation
Probation is a part of the judicial system while parole is a part of the executive branch
Different sections of probations
House visits (not alone)
What is happening in prisons?
Overcrowded and underfunded
People are staying there longer
Not working to rehabilitate
Issues with Solitary Confinement
Not much results from correctional institutions
Indeterminent vs. Determinent
Indeterminent is more flexible in terms of time, consideration, and context while determinent is more stern (prisoners must serve a mandatory minimum)
Female prisoners…
Form families, are rising, and are the most sexually abused
Juevnile Court vs. Adult Courts
Juvenile Court is a part of family court.
Rehabilitiation is JV’s #1 focus
Punishment is adults focus
Adjunction to make a decision in court with no jury to determine a sentence
Does not occur in adult courts
Petition of delinquency
File police report
Prisons called reformatories
Can only serve 3 years by law
Indeterminent Sentencing
Determinent
Note 
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