Intro to Criminal Justice Final

How many people are on a jury?

12 People

What are snitches called in prison?

Rats

How many people need to vote on a jury for a verdict in a criminal court?

It must be unanimous

What are prosecutors called in other states?

District Attorneys

How do people become district attorneys?

They are elected

How do you become a prosecutor?

They are appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent of the Senate

Do New Jersey probabtion officers carry guns?

No

How do you become a judge in New Jersey

They are appointed by the governor and approved by the senate

Which jury is more important?

The Petit Jury

How many people need to vote on a grand jury for a verdict?

Majority

What are free lawyers called?

Public defenders

Who sets bail?

Judges

What is a bailiff?

an official in a court of law who keeps order, looks after prisoners, etc; essentially court security

Who are the people that go to court that has seen the crime?

Eyewitnesses

Who are the people that go to court that hasn’t seen the crime?

Experts

What are some examples of experts in court?

DNA, Psychologists, and Ballistics

Is juvenile court open or closed?

Closed

Can a jury ask the opinions of a judge?

No

Who gives the sentence?

Judges

The philsophy that society can put people into prisons

Incapacitation

What is the principal of society watching criminals get punished called?

Deterrence

What is determinent sentencing?

A jail or prison sentence that has a definite length and can't be reviewed or changed by a parole board or any other agency

• Must serve an 85% mandatory minimum

Indeterminant Sentencing

Type of custodial sentence that consists of a range of years (such as five to ten years) and not a fixed time, which means the convicted person's release date is left open

• Allowed to apply for parole at any time for any crime

It is ____ vs. ____ in a criminal trail

State vs. Accuser

How involved are victims in a trial

There is minimal involvement

Does New Jersey have a death penalty?

No

What is the most common sentence?

Probabtion (With up to a year in jail)

What percentage of inmates reach parole?

95%

Do parole officers carry guns?

Yes

Is parole or probation more of a social worker?

Probation

What is another name for a probation officer?

Court Officers

What do you get arrested for if you fail to appear?

Violation of Probation

What is the trial for violation of probabtion like?

There is a trial with no jury, probabtion officers cannot arrest, and they get a lawyer

How many inmates are there in state and federal prison?

1 ½ Million

Crime rates are going ___ and inmate numbers are going ____

down, up

What percentage of inmates don’t graduate high school?

2/3

What are the three security levels?

Maximum, medium, and minimum

What is a jailhouse lawyer?

An inmate who is self taught on legal precedings that helps other inmates file petitions, file parole, etc.

The female inmate rates are ____

Increasing

How many juveniles are arrested each year?

1.6 Million

Juvenile courts are focus on ____

Rehibilitation

What is an arrest document called for juveniles

Petition of delinquency

What is a juvenile being transferred to adult court called?

Waiver Transfer

At what age can a child get transferred to adult court?

14

What is the right of the courts to take away a child?

Parens patriae

What are some issues with prisons?

• Gangs

• There are many old people

• Overcrowded

  • 2x stacked allowed, not 3x

Inmate Rights

• Religious Food

• No conjugal visits

• Medical Care

• Marriage

• Formalized Dicipline

• Visitation

Female prisoners…

• Are abused at a much higher rate

• Form Families in Prison

What is the mandatory minimum?

85%, then a parole hearing can be filed

What did the past court systems mean when they said “punish the body for the crimes of the soul?”

They used to publically execute, chop off hands, put people in stocks, etc.

Advisory Criminal Trials

Each lawyer must advocate for their side fairly by law.

Do converstations have to be private between lawyers and their clients?

Yes, it is priveledged

What can victims do at the end of a sentence?

Make a statement about the impact of what happened

Steps of the criminal trial

1. Trial Initiation

2. Jury selection

3. Opening

4. Testimony/evidence

5. Closing

6. Judge charge to jury

7. Jury Deliberations

8. Verdict

Who speaks first in a criminal trial?

Lawyers. Then experts and eyewitnesses

Where must a criminal go before parole?

A half-way house

What are juvenile prisions called?

Reformatories

What did you learn from the first speaker?

• Taking an exam and how now you have to pay per application

• Mental health is becoming more talked about and accepted, with an entire section dedicated to therapy.

• Get paid more with an education

What did you learn from the second speaker?

• The differences between parole and probation

• Probation is a part of the judicial system while parole is a part of the executive branch

• Different sections of probations

• House visits (not alone)

What is happening in prisons?

• Overcrowded and underfunded

• People are staying there longer

• Not working to rehabilitate

• Issues with Solitary Confinement

• Not much results from correctional institutions

Indeterminent vs. Determinent

Indeterminent is more flexible in terms of time, consideration, and context while determinent is more stern (prisoners must serve a mandatory minimum)

Female prisoners…

Form families, are rising, and are the most sexually abused

Juevnile Court vs. Adult Courts

• Juvenile Court is a part of family court.

• Rehabilitiation is JV’s #1 focus

  • Punishment is adults focus

• Adjunction to make a decision in court with no jury to determine a sentence

  • Does not occur in adult courts

• Petition of delinquency

  • File police report

• Prisons called reformatories

• Can only serve 3 years by law

• Indeterminent Sentencing

  • Determinent