sheryl lab 3 exam

vital signs

pulse

respiration

height

weight

temperature

blood pressure

why we take vital signs

establish baseline for patient

monitor changes to patient

determine if medication is effective

normal pulse

adult 60 - 100 bpm

newborn 120 - 160 bpm

tachycardia

bradycardia

arrhythmia

tachy - greater than 100bpm

brady - less than 60bpm

arryth - irregular rhythm

characteristics / qualities (volume / rhythm)

volume - week, thready, normal, full, bounding

rhythm - regular, irregular

pulse points

temporal

carotid

apical

brachial

radial

femoral

popliteal

dorsalia pedis (top of foot)

posterior tibial (ankle)

respiration

inhalation - inspiration

exhalation - expiration

adult 12 - 20 rpm

newborn 30-50 rpm

rhythm - regular, irregular

bradypnea - less than 12 rpm

tachypnea - more than 20 rpm

hyperventilation - more than 26 rpm

eupnea

apnea

dyspnea

orthopnea

hypoventilation

eupnea - normal breathing

apnea - no breathing

dyspnea - difficulty breathing

orthopnea - labor breathing

hypoventilation - not enough air

rectal

infants, young children and patients unable to use oral method

1 degree higher

insert lubricated tip of thermometer ½ inch for infant

1 ½ inch for adult

axillary temp

infants or for those unable ot use oral or rectal methods

least accurate

one degree lower than oral temp

temps

afebrile - without fever

febrile - fever

pyrexia - fever

cerumen - ear wax

traegus

ear nub

BPM / RPM

80bpm / 16 rpm

oral, tympanic (aural), rectal, axillary temp

oral - 98.6

tympanic - 98.6-99.6

rectal - 99.6 (most accurate)

axillary - 97.6 (least accurate)

temperature definition

balance between heat produced and lost throughout the body

ways the body produce heat

exercise, digestion, breathing, cell metabolism

types of thermometers

rectal - normal temp 99.6

tympanic - 98.6-99.6

digital (oral) - 98.6

axillary - 97.6

tympanic (aural) temp

measures infrared waves from tympanic membrane

gives instant results

is not affected by smoking, drinking, or eating

tympanic temp contraindicted by infection look for discharge in ear

or piercing in traegus or excess cerumen (ear wax)

adult pull ear up and back

child pull ear down and back

oral temp

mouth - highly vascular, keep mouth closed, dont bite on thermometer

wait if patient had hot/cold drink

contraindicated in patients with sinus colds, or mouth breathers

mouth breathers, smoker, sinus cold, coffee, eating, ice mints