Exercise 10: Leaves

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71 Terms

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Leaves

expanded, flattened, green structure growing out at the node of the stem

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chlorophyll

Leaves contain ________________ for photosynthesis.

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diverse

Leaves are the most __________ in terms of their morphology, types, and functions

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Simple and Compound

Classification of Leaves based on the Nature of Leaf Blade

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Simple Leaf

its blade consist of only one continuous piece that is not divided; its petiole is directly attached to the stem

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Compound Leaf

its blade is divided into separate segments called leaflets, stalk of the leaflets are known as petiolule

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Leaf Sheath

only found in monocots, formed when the base of the leaf is wrapped around the base

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Apex

tip of the leaf blade

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Ligules

a pair of appendages or outgrowth at the leaf sheath

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Midrib

midvein from which lateral vein emerge

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Vein

Bundle of Vascular Tissue

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Leaf Blade/Lamina

light harvesting portion; contains chloroplast

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Petiole

found in monocots; stalk that holds the blade out into the light

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Petiolate

Leaf with petiole

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Sessile

leaf without petiole

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Stipule

pair of appendages or outgrowth at the base

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Compound Leaf

single leaf that is divided into leaflets or structures that themselves look like individual leaves

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Pinnately Compound Leaves

type of compound leaf wherein leaflets are attached to a rachis, a extension of the petiole

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Simple Pinnately Compound Leaves

type of pinnately compound leaf wherein the leaflets are attached to the rachis

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Bipinnately Compound Leaves

type of pinnately compound leaf wherein the rachis bears lateral axes known as rachillae

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Tripinnately Compound Leaves

type of pinnately compound leaf wherein rachillae bear secondary rachillae

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Palmately Compound Leaves

type of compound leaf wherein the leaflets radiates from the upper end or tip of the leaf stalk, no rachis

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Petiole

stalk where the blade or lamina is attached

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Petiolule

stalk of a leaflet

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Rachis

main stem of a compound leaf that can be primary, secondary, or tertiary

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Pinnae

primary segments of leaflets

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Pinnule

secondary segments of leaflets

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Stipels

small stipule at the base of leaflets

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Epidermis

outermost surface and should be waterproof

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epidermal cell, guard cell, and trichome (hair)

what epidermis consists of:

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Mesophyll

where photosynthesis takes place and where you can see vascular tissues of the leaf

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Spongy Mesophyll

contains open loose parenchyma tissue that permits CO2 to diffuse rapidly away from the stomata into all parts of the leaf’s interior

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Paliasade Mesophyll

compact arranged photosynthetic parenchymal cells

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Leaf Sheath

fiber arrange as a sheath around the vascular tissue which is more common in monocot leaves

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Xylem

water conducting tissue

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Phloem

loading sugar tissue

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  1. apex

  2. margin

  3. base

  4. venation pattern

  5. phyllotaxy

  6. nature of the blade

variations of leaves are based on:

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Venation

arrangement of vein or vascular strands of a leaf blade

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Netted

veins branch profusely and form a network over the blade; found in dicots

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Parallel

veins are arranged nearly parallel to one another and do not form a network; common in monocots

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Arcuate

secondary veins bending toward apex

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Longitudinal

veins aligned mostly along long axis of leaf

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Pinnate

secondary veins paired oppositely

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Cross-Venulate

small veins connecting secondary veins

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Palmately

several primary veins diverging from a point

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Reticulate

smaller veins forming a network

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Dichotomous

veins branching symmetrically in pairs

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Parallel

veins arranged axially, not intersecting

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Rotate

in peltate leaves, veins radiating

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Phyllotaxy

leaves occur in a regular arrangement on the stem

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phyllon and taxis

Greek words meaning “leaf arrangement

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Alternate

leaves occur one at a time on the stem

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White willow (Salix alba)

example of alternate leaves

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Opposite

leaves that occur in pairs

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Panicle hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata)

examples of opposite leaves

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Cucumber-root (Medeola virginiana)

examples of whorled leaves

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Whorled

leaves occurs in groups of three or more around the stem

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Storage Leaves

thick leaves underground that store starch

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Onion

example of storage leaves

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Succulent Leaves

thickened leaves, but they are found above ground, still conduct photosynthesis, and function primarily in water storage

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echeveria

example of succulent leaves

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Spines

sharp projection derived from leaves that function in plant defense

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Cactus

examples of spines

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Tendrils

these are narrow, coiling structures that climbing plants attach to nearby structures for support

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Glory Lily and Pea Plant

examples of tendrils

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Bracts

brightly colored leaves function in attracting pollinators that appear petal-like

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Bougainvillea

example of bracts

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Plantlets

mini plants that grow on main plant and then fall off and grow into new plants

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Kalanchoe

examples of plantlets

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Insect-Trapping plants

insectivorous plants grow mostly in swampy areas and bogs of tropical and temperate regions

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Venus Flytrap and Pitcher Plant

examples of insect-trapping plants