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Leaves
expanded, flattened, green structure growing out at the node of the stem
chlorophyll
Leaves contain ________________ for photosynthesis.
diverse
Leaves are the most __________ in terms of their morphology, types, and functions
Simple and Compound
Classification of Leaves based on the Nature of Leaf Blade
Simple Leaf
its blade consist of only one continuous piece that is not divided; its petiole is directly attached to the stem
Compound Leaf
its blade is divided into separate segments called leaflets, stalk of the leaflets are known as petiolule
Leaf Sheath
only found in monocots, formed when the base of the leaf is wrapped around the base
Apex
tip of the leaf blade
Ligules
a pair of appendages or outgrowth at the leaf sheath
Midrib
midvein from which lateral vein emerge
Vein
Bundle of Vascular Tissue
Leaf Blade/Lamina
light harvesting portion; contains chloroplast
Petiole
found in monocots; stalk that holds the blade out into the light
Petiolate
Leaf with petiole
Sessile
leaf without petiole
Stipule
pair of appendages or outgrowth at the base
Compound Leaf
single leaf that is divided into leaflets or structures that themselves look like individual leaves
Pinnately Compound Leaves
type of compound leaf wherein leaflets are attached to a rachis, a extension of the petiole
Simple Pinnately Compound Leaves
type of pinnately compound leaf wherein the leaflets are attached to the rachis
Bipinnately Compound Leaves
type of pinnately compound leaf wherein the rachis bears lateral axes known as rachillae
Tripinnately Compound Leaves
type of pinnately compound leaf wherein rachillae bear secondary rachillae
Palmately Compound Leaves
type of compound leaf wherein the leaflets radiates from the upper end or tip of the leaf stalk, no rachis
Petiole
stalk where the blade or lamina is attached
Petiolule
stalk of a leaflet
Rachis
main stem of a compound leaf that can be primary, secondary, or tertiary
Pinnae
primary segments of leaflets
Pinnule
secondary segments of leaflets
Stipels
small stipule at the base of leaflets
Epidermis
outermost surface and should be waterproof
epidermal cell, guard cell, and trichome (hair)
what epidermis consists of:
Mesophyll
where photosynthesis takes place and where you can see vascular tissues of the leaf
Spongy Mesophyll
contains open loose parenchyma tissue that permits CO2 to diffuse rapidly away from the stomata into all parts of the leaf’s interior
Paliasade Mesophyll
compact arranged photosynthetic parenchymal cells
Leaf Sheath
fiber arrange as a sheath around the vascular tissue which is more common in monocot leaves
Xylem
water conducting tissue
Phloem
loading sugar tissue
apex
margin
base
venation pattern
phyllotaxy
nature of the blade
variations of leaves are based on:
Venation
arrangement of vein or vascular strands of a leaf blade
Netted
veins branch profusely and form a network over the blade; found in dicots
Parallel
veins are arranged nearly parallel to one another and do not form a network; common in monocots
Arcuate
secondary veins bending toward apex
Longitudinal
veins aligned mostly along long axis of leaf
Pinnate
secondary veins paired oppositely
Cross-Venulate
small veins connecting secondary veins
Palmately
several primary veins diverging from a point
Reticulate
smaller veins forming a network
Dichotomous
veins branching symmetrically in pairs
Parallel
veins arranged axially, not intersecting
Rotate
in peltate leaves, veins radiating
Phyllotaxy
leaves occur in a regular arrangement on the stem
phyllon and taxis
Greek words meaning “leaf arrangement”
Alternate
leaves occur one at a time on the stem
White willow (Salix alba)
example of alternate leaves
Opposite
leaves that occur in pairs
Panicle hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata)
examples of opposite leaves
Cucumber-root (Medeola virginiana)
examples of whorled leaves
Whorled
leaves occurs in groups of three or more around the stem
Storage Leaves
thick leaves underground that store starch
Onion
example of storage leaves
Succulent Leaves
thickened leaves, but they are found above ground, still conduct photosynthesis, and function primarily in water storage
echeveria
example of succulent leaves
Spines
sharp projection derived from leaves that function in plant defense
Cactus
examples of spines
Tendrils
these are narrow, coiling structures that climbing plants attach to nearby structures for support
Glory Lily and Pea Plant
examples of tendrils
Bracts
brightly colored leaves function in attracting pollinators that appear petal-like
Bougainvillea
example of bracts
Plantlets
mini plants that grow on main plant and then fall off and grow into new plants
Kalanchoe
examples of plantlets
Insect-Trapping plants
insectivorous plants grow mostly in swampy areas and bogs of tropical and temperate regions
Venus Flytrap and Pitcher Plant
examples of insect-trapping plants