physical science test 9 exam (chapters 9-12)

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law of electric charge

law of electric charge

opposite charges attract, but like charges repel

circuit breaker

an automatic switch that opens when current overloads a circuit

direct current

electricity flows in one direction

diamagnetic

diamond that has no unpaired electrons and is slightly repelled by either

electrostatics

the study of nature, behavior, and uses of static electricity and related phenomena

neutral

balance of positive and negative = no electric charge

conduction

transferring of electric charge by direct contact

current

flow of charge from one place to another

static electricity

simplest form of electricity

switch

device that opens or closes a circuit

ampere

SI unit for current

coulomb

SI unit for electric charge

watt

SI unit of power

ohm

unit of resistance

volt

SI unit for voltage

proton

positive type of electric charge

electron

negative type of electric charge

resistor

an electrical device designed to hinder current flow

grounding

most common way of dissipating charges

conductors

material that allows electric current to flow easily through it

semiconductors

materials that are not good insulators or conductors

permeability

how strong the magnetic force acts through a material

LED lamp

semiconductor that produces light at low temperature; most efficient

van de graaff generator

most common type of generator used today

photovoltaic cell

semiconductor device that produces electric current through the photovoltaic effect

loudspeaker

converts electricity into sound waves

microphone

converts sound waves into pulses of electricity

relay

electric switch operated by electromagnet

solenoid

converts electricity to back and forth motion

telegraph

uses electromagnets to allow communication over long distances

anode

negative terminal of a voltaic cell

leyden jar

early device used to store electric charge by Musschenbroek

incandescent lamp

produces light from a filament heated to high temperatures; first suitable to use at home

lightning rod

device for protecting buildings and other structures from lightning strikes

transformer

devices that increases or decreases voltage

battery

one or more electrochemical cells connected to terminals as single source of current

st. elmo’s fire

discharge that is an accumulation of electrons around pointed objects that results in an eerie blue glow

cathode

positive terminal of a voltaic cell

morse code

system of long and short clicks to communicate

faraday

discovered electromagnetic induction

franklin

invented the lightning rod and discovered that lightning is caused by static electricity

otto von guericke

invented the first electrostatic generator

morse

invented the telegraph

alternator

small AC generator that recharges battery of car

xerography

electrostatic method of reproducing images on paper

personal computer

small inexpensive used by one user at a time

supercomputer

large, powerful designed for complex calculations

input / output devices

allows computer to communicate to outside world

central processing unit (CPU)

part that controls all other systems of computer

internet

largest computer network

microprocessor

single chip that contains a complete CPU

byte

smallest accessible unit of data in computer

bit

binary digit, either 0 or 1

n-type

type of semiconductor that adds electrons

hardware

physical components of a computer

RAM

memory used for temporary storage

operating system

systems saved for displaying images

data

information collected

software

stored info and instructions that direct a computer to perform tasks

computer

electronic device processes info using electric circuit

capacitor

modern device used to store electric charge

electromagnet

device that produces strong magnet field when electricity passes through it

fuse

narrow strip of metal housed in a protective case that burns out when current suddenly increases

logic gate

produces a single binary output based on one or more binary outputs

triode

consists of 3 electrodes

mainframe

large computer for storing and retrieving vast info

analog data

type of data that constantly changes positions; any positions

hexadecimal

number system based on powers of 16

p-type

semiconductor that lacks electrons

UNIVAC I

america’s first mass-produced computer