History: Japan Under the Shoguns

Emperor

The ruler of Japan. He was the official leader, but had little real power under the shoguns.

Shogun

The military leader of Japan. The shogun had the real power and controlled the government.

Daimyo

Powerful landowners. They ruled over large areas of land and had their own armies.

Samurai

Japanese warriors. They served and protected the daimyo and followed a strict code of honour.

Peasant

Farmers who grew food like rice. They were important because they fed the country.

Artisan

Skilled workers who made things by hand, like tools, clothes, and pottery.

Merchant

People who bought and sold goods to make money.

Outcast

People at the bottom of society. They did jobs that were seen as unclean and were treated badly.

Social Hierarchy in Japan under the Shoguns

• Emperor (top, but little power)

• Shogun (real ruler)

• Daimyo

• Samurai

• Peasants

• Artisans

• Merchants

• Outcasts (bottom)

Sakoku

Japan’s closed country policy. Japan closed its borders and did not allow most foreigners in or Japanese people out.

Shogunate

The government ruled by a shogun. It was a military government.

Geisha

A trained female entertainer skilled in music, dance, and conversation.

Clan

A large family group connected by blood or loyalty, often with the same leader.

Feudalism

A system where land was given in return for loyalty and military service.

Buddhism

A religion based on the teachings of Buddha. It teaches peace, meditation, and ending suffering.

Shinto

Japan’s traditional religion. It focuses on nature spirits called kami and respect for ancestors.

Confucianism

A belief system based on the teachings of Confucius. It teaches respect, loyalty, and strong family values.

Bushido

The samurai code of honour. It teaches bravery, loyalty, and respect.