Ch 1 ASL

Milan Conference of 1880

Banned the use/teaching of sign language in school settings

Public Law 94-142

Federal law enacted in 1975 requiring provision of special-education services to eligible students.

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

Provides a free appropriate public education for students with disabilities (follow up to Public Law 94-142)

No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)

A U.S. law enacted in 2001 that was intended to increase accountability in education by requiring states to qualify for federal educational funding by administering standardized tests to measure school achievement.

Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)

Obama's act in 2015 that took over No Child Left Behind

LRE (Least Restrictive Environment)

Educational setting for special needs child that most closely resembles a regular school program and also meets child's special educational needs.

IEP (Individualized Education Plan)

A written statement that spells out a program specifically tailored to a child with a disability.

IFSP (individualized family service plan)

same as IDEA but birth to age 3

EDHI(Early Detection of Hearing Impairment)

Test taken at birth to test child's hearing

NAD (National Association for the Deaf)

Organization focused on promoting the rights of deaf people in the US

CEASD (Conference of Educational Administrators in Schools for the Deaf)

A group of schools and institutions focused on improving Deaf/HH education

Child First Campaign

movement that tries to educate school districts in recognizing that deaf children benefit from learning from their deaf peers through their shared sign language and deaf culture

Alexander Graham Bell

spearheaded "war against sign language"

AGBAD (Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing)

Organization founded by AGB to continue to push for oral method and to stop use of ASL

JCIH (joint committee on infant hearing)

mission to help detect infant hearing loss and deafness more effectively and work on the improvement of follow-up care

DHHA (Deaf and Hard of Hearing Alliance)

organization focused on the improvement of quality of life for the Deaf/HH

CED (Council on Education of the Deaf)

Advocates for improvement of Deaf education and sets standards of education nationally for teachers of the Deaf

Bimodal Bilingual Approach

Education that uses ASL as the language of instruction and teaches English as a second language

Monolingual Approach

Education using only spoken language

Language deprivation

If linguistic experience is missing in the critical period, language ability is impaired

NASL/EBCEE(National American Sign Language and English Bilingual Consortium for Early Education)

National American Sign Language and English Bilingual Consortium for Early Education; group of hearing and deaf people who promote development, management, and coordination of ASL/English bilingual education

Lexicalized Fingerspelling

an aspect of Morphology - fingerspelling (borrowed from English) that looks like a sign ex) BUS (FS) #BS

Total Communication (TC)

a method of communication for students with hearing impairments, designed to provide equal emphasis on oral and signing skills to facilitate communication ability

Pidgin Signed English (PSE)

Vocabulary comes from ASL, but follows English word order; words that do not carry information and word endings are dropped (simpler than ASL or SEE)

Code Switching

when two signers that use two different sign languages communicate

Manual Codes of English (MCE)

Codes used to teach English, combine ASL signs and invented English signs that fit in English word order

Signed English (SE)

combines English gramatical order with ASL signs as well as some invented initialized signs

SEE1 (Signed Essential English)

Type of MCE

SEE2 (Signed Exact English)

form of sign language that code English words into visual form; meant to be an exact form of English

SimCom (Simultaneous Communication)

The act of signing and speaking at the same time, used to the benefit of hearing signer, English is prioritized

CASE (Conceptually Accurate Signed English)

another form of MCE

CS (Cued Speech)

System that uses eight handshapes, called cues, to designate consonants of English with four hand positions around the mouth to show vowels

LSL (Listening and Spoken Language)

monolingual approach meant to give deaf children opportunity to learn how to talk to be fully integrated into public school system w/ hearing children

AVT (Auditory-verbal-therapist)

trained therapist meant to assist in teaching spoken English to deaf children

congenital deafness

deafness from birth

State or Center Schools for the Deaf

provide best access to Deaf Culture because of the large number of Deaf students and Deaf adults as role models

Day School

Separate school for deaf students, usually in large metropolitan areas with sufficient population base

Self-contained classroom

an organizational structure of schools in which one teacher instructs a group of students in a single classroom

Mainstreaming (inclusion programs)

deaf children are educated in a public school for one or more classes

Co-enrollment Programs

schools have a critical mass of deaf students in one classroom and providing a teacher w/ deaf education certification

CODA (Child of Deaf Adult)

Hearing child born to deaf parents or raised by deaf adults, qualify to go to the alternative schools for the deaf based on ASL skills

CC (Common Core)

set of academic standards in English/language arts/literacy and mathematics that outlines learning goals

CART (Computer-assisted real-time captioning)

support service for deaf students in post secondary schools

MAR (Mobile Augmented Reality)

technology on cell phones w/computer tablets being developed to give an online education to deaf children whose primary language is ASL

QR code (quick response code)

square-shaped coded graphic that corresponds to a web address or other information