9.7 Altruism, Conflict, and Peacemaking

altruism

an unselfish regard for the welfare of others

bystander effect

the tendency for a bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

social-exchange theory

our social behavior is an exchange, maximizing benefits and minimizing costs

reciprocity norm

an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

social-responsibility norm

the expectation that we should help those who need our help, even if the cost outweighs the benefits

conflict

an issue between people

social trap

a situation in which two people become caught in mutually destructive behaviors due to pursuing self-interests

mirror-image perceptions

the tendency of people in a conflict to hold distorted views of each other

self-fulfilling prophecies

a false belief leads to behaviors that cause it to come true

superordinate goals

an objective that requires the cooperation of opposing individuals or groups

grit

perseverance for long-term goals