Chapter 13 psy3213 flashcards

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and concepts from Chapter 13 focusing on t-tests, effect sizes, errors, and statistical analysis.

Signal-to-noise ratio

The ratio of the signal (the difference between two means) to the noise (the variability within samples), used to determine the likelihood that the null hypothesis is incorrect.

Independent samples t-test

A statistical test used to compare the means of two independent groups to determine if there is a significant difference between them.

Paired comparison t-test

A statistical test used when the same subjects are used for both treatments; each participant serves as their own control.

Effect size index

A measure that quantifies the magnitude of an experimental effect, helping to determine the significance of the results.

Cohen's d

A specific measure of effect size used to indicate the standard difference between two means.

Random error

Noise in the data resulting from chance fluctuations.

Systematic error

Fluctuations in the data that are not due to chance.

Interval estimates for Cohen's d

Range of values used to estimate the effect size of an independent sample t-test, providing a sense of precision around the effect size.

ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)

A statistical method used to test differences between two or more means by analyzing the variances.

Degrees of freedom (df)

A value that represents the number of independent values or quantities which can be assigned to a statistical distribution.

“Signal”

The difference between two means

“Noise”

The variability of the scores within each sample

The larger the _____ is relative to the noise, the more likely the __________ is not correct

Signal; Null hypothesis

It is a quasi-experimental design:

Do the appropriate correlational analysis

If there is one IV manipulated between subjects:

Use an independent sample t-test

If there is one IV manipulated within subjects:

Use a paired comparison t-test

If there is more than one IV:

Use an ANOVA (Analysis of variance)

t-value

A form of a signal-to-noise ratio

What is the equation used for a random error or systematic error?

Yo = Yt + e

Where Yo= an observed score, Yt= The actual score, e= Random error