pathophysiology wk 3 check your understanding

myocarditis should be suspected in a patient who presents with

acute onset of left ventricular dysfunction

a middle-aged patient has a follow up visit for a recorded blood pressure of 162/96 mm Hg taken 3 weeks ago. the patient has no significant past medical history and takes no medications, but smokes 1 1/2 packs of cigarettes per day, drinks alcohol regularly, and exercises infrequently. the patient is about 40 lbs. overweight and admits to a high-fat, high-calorie diet. at the office visit today, the patient's blood pressure is 150/92 mm Hg. what is the least appropriate intervention for this patient at this time?

begin antihypertensive drug therapy

t/f: a patient is diagnosed with cardiogenic shock. the patient is hyperventilating and is therefore at risk for the respiratory complication of respiratory acidosis.

false

rheumatic heart disease is most often a consequence of

B-hemolytic streptococcal infection

a patient with a history of falls, syncope, dizziness, and blurred vision. the patient's symptomology is most likely related to

hypotension

what compensatory sign would be expected during periods of physical exertion in a patient with limited ventricular stroke volume

tachycardia

angiotensin-inibiting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the

conversion of angiotensin i to angiotensin ii

what results when systemic blood pressure is increased

vasoconstriction

high blood pressure increases the workload of the left ventricle, because it increases

afterload

a patient presents to the emergency department with a diastolic blood pressure of 132 mm Hg, retinopathy, and symptoms of an ischemic stroke. This symptomology is likely the result of

hypertensive crisis

patent ductus arteriosus is accurately described as a(n)

communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery

patients presenting with symptoms of unstable angina and no ST segment elevation are treated with

anti platelet drugs

an example of an acyanotic heart defect is

ventricular septal defect

which finding is indicative of orthostatic hypotension in a person with a supine blood pressure (BP) of 110/70 and a heart rate (HR) of 100

sitting BP 88/60, HR 118

primary treatment for myocardial infarction is directed at

decreasing myocardial oxygen demands

hypertension is closely linked to

obstructive sleep apnea

t/f: new-organ damage is a function of both the stage of hypertension and its duration

false

the prevalence of high blood pressure is higher in

non-Hispanic black adults

angina caused by coronary artery spasm is called ________ angina

prinzmetal variant

the majority of cardiac cells that die after myocardial infarction do so because of

apoptosis

tachycardia is an early sign of low cardiac output that occurs because of

baroreceptor activity

hypertrophy of the right ventricle is a compensatory response to

pulmonary stenosis

the majority of cases of anaphylactic shock occur when a sensitized individual comes into contact with

antibiotics

in which stage of shock is a patient who has lost 1200 mL of blood, who has normal blood pressure when supine, but who experiences orthostatic hypotension upon standing

class ii, compensated stage

t/f: disseminated intravascular coagulation is a serious complication of septic shock characterized by abnormal clot formation in the microvasculature throughout the body

true

a patient who was involved in a fall from a tree becomes short of breath. The lung sounds are absent on one side. This patient is experiencing ________ shock

obstructive

cariogenic shock is characterized by

reduced cardiac output

low cardiac output in association with high preload is a characteristic of _____ shock

cardiogenic

the progressive stage of hypovolemic shock is characterized by

tachycardia

low cardiac output to the kidneys stimulates the release of ____ from juxtaglomerular cells

renin

beta-blockers are advocated in the management of heart failure because they

reduce cardiac output

hypotension associated with neurogenic and anaphylactic shock is because of

peripheral pooling of blood

which dysrhythmia is thought to be associated with reentrant mechanisms

preexcitation syndrome tachycardia (Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome)

an abnormally wide (more than 1.0 msec) QRS complex is characteristic of

premature ventricular complexes

the common denominator in all forms of heart failure is

reduced cardiac output

a patient presenting with fever, hypotension, and lactic acidosis is most likely to be experiencing what type of shock

septic

the majority of tachydsrhythmias are believed to occur because of

reentry mechanisms

sepsis has been recently redefined as

a systemic inflammatory response to infection

in contrast to all other types of shock, the hyper dynamic phase of septic shock is associated with

high cardiac output

t/f: a type of shock that includes brain trauma that results in depression of the vasomotor center is cardiogenic

false