The Chemical Basis of Life

What are atoms composed of?

Atoms are composed of three subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.

What defines a chemical element?

A chemical element is each specific type of atom, such as nitrogen, hydrogen, or oxygen.

What is an orbital?

An orbital is the region where an electron is most likely found.

How is the periodic table organized?

The periodic table is organized in rows that indicate the number of electron shells, with each element located in a specific cell according to its atomic number.

What is a molecule?

A molecule is two or more atoms bonded together.

What is a covalent bond?

A covalent bond is formed when atoms share electrons.

What does electronegativity refer to?

Electronegativity refers to the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a bond with another atom.

What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

Covalent bonds share electrons, while ionic bonds transfer electrons.

What are biomolecules?

Biomolecules are essential organic molecules that support the maintenance and metabolism of living organisms.

What are functional groups?

Functional groups are parts of biomolecules that have specific behaviors.

What is the role of the hydroxyl group (-OH) in biomolecules?

The hydroxyl group is present in alcohols and carbohydrates and affects properties like solubility in water and the ability to form hydrogen bonds.

What is the importance of the phosphate group (-PO4)?

Phosphate groups are crucial in the structure of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).

What is the structure of a hydrogen bond?

A hydrogen bond is formed between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom and another electronegative atom.

How do carbonyl groups contribute to biomolecules?

Carbonyl groups are functional groups important in carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, being essential in chemical reactions like condensation and hydrolysis.

Describe the role of the methyl group (-CH3) in biomolecules.

The methyl group is found in various biomolecules, including DNA and some lipids, and can play a role in gene expression regulation.

What are large biomolecules called?

Large biomolecules are called macromolecules.

What is the function of the amino group (-NH2)?

The amino group is found in amino acids and can act as a base by accepting protons.